用一句话概括冷备，就是把数据库服务，比如MySQL，Oracle停下来，然后使用拷贝、打包或者压缩命令对数据目录进行备份。如果数据出现异常，则可以通过备份数据恢复。冷备一般需要定制计划，比如什么时候做备份，每次对哪些数据进行备份等等。但是由于这样的备份占用过多的空间，对大数据量的环境下不一定适合，故生产环境很少使用。
冷备示意图
冷备实验
第一步，创建测试数据库，插入测试数据
| mysql> use larrydb;Database changedmysql> show tables;+-------------------+| Tables_in_larrydb |+-------------------+| access |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> drop table access;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> clearmysql> show tables;Empty set (0.00 sec)mysql> mysql> create table class( -> cid int, -> cname varchar(30));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show create table class /G;*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: classCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `class` ( `cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `cname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin11 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR: No query specifiedmysql> create table stu( -> sid int, -> sname varchar(30), -> cid int) engine=myisam;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show create table stu /G;*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: stuCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `stu` ( `sid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `sname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL, `cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR: No query specifiedmysql> insert into class values(1,'linux'),(2,'oracle');Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> desc class;+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| cid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | || cname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> desc stu;+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| sid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | || sname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | || cid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into stu values(1,'larry01',1),(2,'larry02',2);Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> select * from stu;+------+---------+------+| sid | sname | cid |+------+---------+------+| 1 | larry01 | 1 || 2 | larry02 | 2 |+------+---------+------+ |
