朋友在使用mysql时提示”not exists(b except A)”错误了,下文章小编整理了一篇此错误问题的解决办法,数据库系统概论第六版中文版中的51页,有个"not exists(b except A)" 的例子,要求查询“找出选修了 Biology 系开设的所有课程的学生”,实验平台搭建去我博客搜索,书上的sql 命令如下:
- select S.ID , S.name
- from student as S
- where not exists (( select course_id
- from course
- where dept_name = 'Biology')
- except
- ( select T.course_id
- from takes as T
- where S.ID = T.ID ));
这个在sql server上运行是没有问题的,但是如果在myql下运行就是如下报错:
- ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that
- corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'excep
- t
- ( select T.course_id
- from takes as T
- where S.ID = T.ID ))' at line 6
- mysql>
因为mysql下不支持 except的命令,所以,我们要换个方式来查询“找出选修了 Biology 系开设的所有课程的学生”.
其实,not exists(B except A)和 not in 差不多的,所以,我们可以使用下面的sql命令达到查询要求,先看下student表中的记录:
- mysql> select * from student;
- +-------+----------+------------+----------+
- | ID | name | dept_name | tot_cred |
- +-------+----------+------------+----------+
- | 00128 | Zhang | Comp. Sci. | 102 |
- | 12345 | Shankar | Comp. Sci. | 32 |
- | 19991 | Brandt | History | 80 | --Vevb.com
- | 23121 | Chavez | Finance | 110 |
- | 44553 | Peltier | Physics | 56 |
- | 45678 | Levy | Physics | 46 |
- | 54321 | Williams | Comp. Sci. | 54 |
- | 55739 | Sanchez | Music | 38 |
- | 70557 | Snow | Physics | 0 |
- | 76543 | Brown | Comp. Sci. | 58 |
- | 76653 | Aoi | Elec. Eng. | 60 |
- | 98765 | Bourikas | Elec. Eng. | 98 |
- | 98988 | Tanaka | Biology | 120 |
- +-------+----------+------------+----------+
- 13 rows in set (0.00 sec)
takes表中的记录:
- mysql> select * from takes;
- +-------+-----------+--------+----------+------+-------+
- | ID | course_id | sec_id | semester | year | grade |
- +-------+-----------+--------+----------+------+-------+
- | 00128 | CS-101 | 1 | Fall | 2009 | A |
- | 00128 | CS-347 | 1 | Fall | 2009 | A- |
- | 12345 | CS-101 | 1 | Fall | 2009 | C |
- | 12345 | CS-190 | 2 | Spring | 2009 | A |
- | 12345 | CS-315 | 1 | Spring | 2010 | A |
- | 12345 | CS-347 | 1 | Fall | 2009 | A |
- | 19991 | HIS-351 | 1 | Spring | 2010 | B |
- | 23121 | FIN-201 | 1 | Spring | 2010 | C+ |
- | 44553 | PHY-101 | 1 | Fall | 2009 | B- |
- | 45678 | CS-101 | 1 | Fall | 2009 | F |
- | 45678 | CS-101 | 1 | Spring | 2010 | B+ |
- | 45678 | CS-319 | 1 | Spring | 2010 | B |
- | 54321 | CS-101 | 1 | Fall | 2009 | A- |
- | 54321 | CS-190 | 2 | Spring | 2009 | B+ |
- | 55739 | MU-199 | 1 | Spring | 2010 | A- |
- | 76543 | CS-101 | 1 | Fall | 2009 | A |
- | 76543 | CS-319 | 2 | Spring | 2010 | A |
- | 76653 | EE-181 | 1 | Spring | 2009 | C |
- | 98765 | CS-101 | 1 | Fall | 2009 | C- |
- | 98765 | CS-315 | 1 | Spring | 2010 | B |
- | 98988 | BIO-101 | 1 | Summer | 2009 | A |
- | 98988 | BIO-301 | 1 | Summer | 2010 | NULL |
- +-------+-----------+--------+----------+------+-------+
- 22 rows in set (0.00 sec)
course表中的记录:
- mysql> select * from course;
- +-----------+----------------------------+------------+---------+
- | course_id | title | dept_name | credits |
- +-----------+----------------------------+------------+---------+
- | BIO-101 | Intro. to Biology | Biology | 4 |
- | BIO-301 | Genetics | Biology | 4 |
- | BIO-399 | Computational Biology | Biology | 3 |
- | CS-101 | Intro. to Computer Science | Comp. Sci. | 4 |
- | CS-190 | Game Design | Comp. Sci. | 4 |
- | CS-315 | Robotics | Comp. Sci. | 3 |
- | CS-319 | Image Processing | Comp. Sci. | 3 |
- | CS-347 | Database System Concepts | Comp. Sci. | 3 |
- | EE-181 | Intro. to Digital Systems | Elec. Eng. | 3 |
- | FIN-201 | Investment Banking | Finance | 3 |
- | HIS-351 | World History | History | 3 |
- | MU-199 | Music Video Production | Music | 3 |
- | PHY-101 | Physical Principles | Physics | 4 |
- +-----------+----------------------------+------------+---------+
- 13 rows in set (0.00 sec)
接着看一下'Biology'系总共开了哪些课程:
- mysql> select course_id
- -> from course
- -> where dept_name = 'Biology';
- +-----------+
- | course_id |
- +-----------+
- | BIO-101 |
- | BIO-301 |
- | BIO-399 |
- +-----------+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
通过观察,我们的都能轻易看出,“找出选修了 Biology 系开设的所有课程的学生”的结果是,就只有一个叫Tanaka 上了Biology系开的课程.
所以,我们可以将书上的改成except命令改成:
- select distinct S.ID , S.name
- from student as S ,takes as T
- where S.ID = T.ID and course_id in (
- select course_id
- from course
- where dept_name = 'Biology');
- --查询结果:
- +-------+--------+
- | ID | name |
- +-------+--------+
- | 98988 | Tanaka |
- +-------+--------+
- 1 row in set (0.03 sec)
我们将问题改成“找出选修了 Comp. Sci,系开设的所有课程的学生” ,执行:
- select distinct S.ID , S.name
- from student as S ,takes as T
- where S.ID = T.ID and course_id in (
- select course_id
- from course
- where dept_name = 'Comp. Sci.');
- --查询结果:
- +-------+----------+
- | ID | name |
- +-------+----------+
- | 00128 | Zhang |
- | 12345 | Shankar |
- | 45678 | Levy |
- | 54321 | Williams |
- | 76543 | Brown |
- | 98765 | Bourikas |
- +-------+----------+
- 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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