Optimize Table是mysql中一个可以及回收更多的空间、减少“碎片” (defragment)命令,但有些朋友说可以提升mysql性能这个我具体不清楚,下面找了一些相关文章大家参考一下.
OPTIMIZE TABLE 用于回收闲置的数据库空间,当表上的数据行被删除时,所占据的磁盘空间并没有立即被回收,使用了OPTIMIZE TABLE命令后这些空间将被回收,并且对磁盘上的数据行进行重排(注意:是磁盘上,而非数据库)。
多数时间并不需要运行OPTIMIZE TABLE,只需在批量删除数据行之后,或定期,每周一次或每月一次,进行一次数据表优化操作即可,只对那些特定的表运行.
先了解一下OPTIMIZE TABLE对InnoDB 和 MyISAM相关知识
1. InnoDB 和 MyISAM
目前支持optimize命令的引擎有 MyISAM, InnoDB, and ARCHIVE,对于InnoDB,会将optimize命令映射为ALTER TABLE命令,该命令会重建数据表,更新索引统计信息、回收主键索引中空间。
2. InnoDB 和 MyISAM
如果你的MySQL是有备库的,如果你只希望在主库上执行的话,那么可以加上关键字NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG,或者LOCAL,意思完全相同.
OPTIMIZE [NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG | LOCAL] TABLE
这对于MM结构的MySQL数据库尤为重要,因为很多时候,你只是想在备库上执行,而不希望影响主库.
在mysql命令方式下使用如下代码:
#ls -lah users_0.ibd -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql dba 736M May 6 09:50 users_0.ibd root@test 10:10:53>optimize table users_0
测试实例
1、先来看看多次删除插入操作后的表索引情况,代码如下:
- mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM `tbl_name`;
- +----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
- | Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
- +----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
- | tbl_name | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | StepID | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | FlowID | 1 | FlowID | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerCount | 1 | WagerCount | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_3 | 1 | WagerID | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_3 | 2 | StepType | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_3 | 3 | ParamResult | A | 1 | 255 | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | StepType_2 | 1 | StepType | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | StepType_2 | 2 | ParamResult | A | 1 | 255 | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_2 | 1 | WagerID | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_2 | 2 | StepType | A | 1 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_2 | 3 | ParamResult | A | 1 | 255 | NULL | | BTREE | |
- +----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
- 11 rows in set (0.01 sec) --Vevb.com
2、优化表,代码如下:
- mysql> optimize table tbl_name;
- +---------------+----------+----------+----------+
- | Table | Op | Msg_type | Msg_text |
- +---------------+----------+----------+----------+
- | test.tbl_name | optimize | status | OK |
- +---------------+----------+----------+----------+
- 1 row in set (40.60 sec)
3、再来看看优化后的效果,代码如下:
- mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM `tbl_name`;
- +----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
- | Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
- +----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
- | tbl_name | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | StepID | A | 172462 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | FlowID | 1 | FlowID | A | 86231 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerCount | 1 | WagerCount | A | 4311 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_3 | 1 | WagerID | A | 86231 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_3 | 2 | StepType | A | 172462 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_3 | 3 | ParamResult | A | 172462 | 255 | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | StepType_2 | 1 | StepType | A | 9 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | StepType_2 | 2 | ParamResult | A | 86231 | 255 | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_2 | 1 | WagerID | A | 86231 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_2 | 2 | StepType | A | 172462 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
- | tbl_name | 1 | WagerID_2 | 3 | ParamResult | A | 172462 | 255 | NULL | | BTREE | |
- +----------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---
如果在php中使用,PHP程序,代码如下:
- header("Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8");
- set_time_limit(0);
- echo date('Y-m-d H:i:s').'Begin<br/>';
- /*
- *使用OPTIMIZE TABLE 优化表空间
- *回收空间,减少碎片
- */
- mysql_connect('localhost', 'root', '123456') or die('数据库连接失败'.mysql_error());
- mysql_query('SET NAME UTF8');
- $database = 'db3';
- mysql_select_db($database);
- $res = mysql_query('SHOW TABLES FROM '.$database);
- while($row = mysql_fetch_row($res))
- {
- $table = $row[0];
- $sql = sprintf('OPTIMIZE TABLE %s.%s', $database, $table);
- if(mysql_query($sql))
- {
- echo '优化表'.$table.'完成。<br>';
- }
- else
- {
- echo '优化表'.$table.'失败。'.mysql_error();
- exit;
- }
- }
- echo date('Y-m-d H:i:s').'End<br/>';
看完文章后理解.
作用:回收空间,减少碎片
方法:OPTIMIZE TABLE tablename
情景:磁盘耗尽、InnoDB Tablespaces用完,先用OPTIMIZE TABLE 命令优化,再考虑扩容.
注意:OPTIMIZE 命令支持的引擎MyIsam,InnoDB,ARCHVE,对于InnoDB,它会重建数据表、更新索引统计信息、回收主键索引空间.
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