在数据库中我们经常会碰到重复数据了,下面我来介绍利用相关的mysql语句实现查找重复记录并且实现删除重复记录的sql语句.
考试系统中做了一个用户导入试题功能,导致用户导入了很多重复的试题,我需要查询及删除一下重复的记录,于是有了这篇文章.
(一)单个字段
1、查找表中多余的重复记录,根据(question_title)字段来判断,代码如下:
select * from questions where question_title in (select question_title from people group by question_title having count(question_title) > 1)
2、删除表中多余的重复记录,根据(question_title)字段来判断,只留有一个记录,代码如下:
- delete from questions
- where peopleId in (select peopleId from people group by peopleId having count(question_title) > 1)
- and min(id) not in (select question_id from questions group by question_title having count(question_title)>1)
(二)多个字段
删除表中多余的重复记录(多个字段),只留有rowid最小的记录,代码如下:
- DELETE FROM questions WHERE (questions_title,questions_scope) IN (SELECT questions_title,questions_scope FROM questions GROUP BY questions_title,questions_scope HAVING COUNT(*) > 1) AND question_id NOT IN (SELECT MIN(question_id) FROM questions GROUP BY questions_scope,questions_title HAVING COUNT(*)>1)
用上述语句无法删除,创建了临时表才删的,求各位达人解释一下,代码如下:
- CREATE TABLE tmp AS SELECT question_id FROM questions WHERE (questions_title,questions_scope) IN (SELECT questions_title,questions_scope FROM questions GROUP BY questions_title,questions_scope HAVING COUNT(*) > 1) AND question_id NOT IN (SELECT MIN(question_id) FROM questions GROUP BY questions_scope,questions_title HAVING COUNT(*)>1);
- DELETE FROM questions WHERE question_id IN (SELECT question_id FROM tmp);
- DROP TABLE tmp;
(三),代码如下:
- declare @max integer,@id integer
- declare cur_rows cursor local for select 主字段,count(*) from 表名 group by 主字段 having count(*) >; 1
- open cur_rows
- fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
- while @@fetch_status=0
- begin
- select @max = @max -1
- set rowcount @max
- delete from 表名 where 主字段 = @id
- fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
- end
- close cur_rows
- set rowcount 0
上面讲到了很多,下面我们一起来看实例删除重复记录实例.
例1,表中有主键(可唯一标识的字段),且该字段为数字类型,代码如下:
- /* 表结构 */
- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t1`;
- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `t1`(
- `id` INT(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
- `name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
- `add` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY(`id`)
- )Engine=InnoDB;
- /* 插入测试数据 */
- INSERT INTO `t1`(`name`,`add`) VALUES
- ('abc',"123"),
- ('abc',"123"),
- ('abc',"321"),
- ('abc',"123"),
- ('xzy',"123"),
- ('xzy',"456"),
- ('xzy',"456"),
- ('xzy',"456"),
- ('xzy',"789"),
- ('xzy',"987"),
- ('xzy',"789"),
- ('ijk',"147"),
- ('ijk',"147"),
- ('ijk',"852"),
- ('opq',"852"),
- ('opq',"963"),
- ('opq',"741"),
- ('tpk',"741"),
- ('tpk',"963"),
- ('tpk',"963"),
- ('wer',"546"),
- ('wer',"546"),
- ('once',"546");
- SELECT * FROM `t1`;
- +----+------+-----+
- | id | name | add |
- +----+------+-----+
- | 1 | abc | 123 |
- | 2 | abc | 123 |
- | 3 | abc | 321 |
- | 4 | abc | 123 |
- | 5 | xzy | 123 |
- | 6 | xzy | 456 |
- | 7 | xzy | 456 |
- | 8 | xzy | 456 |
- | 9 | xzy | 789 |
- | 10 | xzy | 987 |
- | 11 | xzy | 789 |
- | 12 | ijk | 147 |
- | 13 | ijk | 147 |
- | 14 | ijk | 852 |
- | 15 | opq | 852 |
- | 16 | opq | 963 |
- | 17 | opq | 741 |
- | 18 | tpk | 741 |
- | 19 | tpk | 963 |
- | 20 | tpk | 963 |
- | 21 | wer | 546 |
- | 22 | wer | 546 |
- | 23 | once | 546 |
- +----+------+-----+
- rows in set (0.00 sec)
查找id最小的重复数据(只查找id字段),代码如下:
- /* 查找id最小的重复数据(只查找id字段) */
- SELECT DISTINCT MIN(`id`) AS `id`
- FROM `t1`
- GROUP BY `name`,`add`
- HAVING COUNT(1) > 1;
- +------+
- | id |
- +------+
- | 1 |
- | 12 |
- | 19 |
- | 21 |
- | 6 |
- | 9 |
- +------+
- rows in set (0.00 sec)
查找所有重复数据,代码如下:
- /* 查找所有重复数据 */
- SELECT `t1`.*
- FROM `t1`,(
- SELECT `name`,`add`
- FROM `t1`
- GROUP BY `name`,`add`
- HAVING COUNT(1) > 1
- ) AS `t2`
- WHERE `t1`.`name` = `t2`.`name`
- AND `t1`.`add` = `t2`.`add`;
- +----+------+-----+
- | id | name | add |
- +----+------+-----+
- | 1 | abc | 123 |
- | 2 | abc | 123 |
- | 4 | abc | 123 |
- | 6 | xzy | 456 |
- | 7 | xzy | 456 |
- | 8 | xzy | 456 |
- | 9 | xzy | 789 |
- | 11 | xzy | 789 |
- | 12 | ijk | 147 |
- | 13 | ijk | 147 |
- | 19 | tpk | 963 |
- | 20 | tpk | 963 |
- | 21 | wer | 546 |
- | 22 | wer | 546 |
- +----+------+-----+
- rows in set (0.00 sec)
查找除id最小的数据外的重复数据,代码如下:
- /* 查找除id最小的数据外的重复数据 */
- SELECT `t1`.*
- FROM `t1`,(
- SELECT DISTINCT MIN(`id`) AS `id`,`name`,`add`
- FROM `t1`
- GROUP BY `name`,`add`
- HAVING COUNT(1) > 1
- ) AS `t2`
- WHERE `t1`.`name` = `t2`.`name`
- AND `t1`.`add` = `t2`.`add`
- AND `t1`.`id` <> `t2`.`id`;
- +----+------+-----+
- | id | name | add |
- +----+------+-----+
- | 2 | abc | 123 |
- | 4 | abc | 123 |
- | 7 | xzy | 456 |
- | 8 | xzy | 456 |
- | 11 | xzy | 789 |
- | 13 | ijk | 147 |
- | 20 | tpk | 963 |
- | 22 | wer | 546 |
- +----+------+-----+
- rows in set (0.00 sec)
例2,表中没有主键(可唯一标识的字段),或者主键并非数字类型(也可以删除重复数据,但效率上肯定比较慢.
例2测试数据,代码如下:
- /* 表结构 */
- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `noid`;
- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `noid`(
- `pk` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '字符串主键',
- `name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
- `add` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY(`pk`)
- )Engine=InnoDB;
- /* 测试数据,与上例一样的测试数据,只是主键变为字符串形式 */
- INSERT INTO `noid`(`pk`,`name`,`add`) VALUES
- ('a','abc',"123"),
- ('b','abc',"123"),
- ('c','abc',"321"),
- ('d','abc',"123"),
- ('e','xzy',"123"),
- ('f','xzy',"456"),
- ('g','xzy',"456"),
- ('h','xzy',"456"),
- ('i','xzy',"789"),
- ('j','xzy',"987"),
- ('k','xzy',"789"),
- ('l','ijk',"147"),
- ('m','ijk',"147"),
- ('n','ijk',"852"),
- ('o','opq',"852"),
- ('p','opq',"963"),
- ('q','opq',"741"),
- ('r','tpk',"741"),
- ('s','tpk',"963"),
- ('t','tpk',"963"),
- ('u','wer',"546"),
- ('v','wer',"546"),
- ('w','once',"546");
- SELECT * FROM `noid`;
- +----+------+-----+
- | pk | name | add |
- +----+------+-----+
- | a | abc | 123 |
- | b | abc | 123 |
- | c | abc | 321 |
- | d | abc | 123 |
- | e | xzy | 123 |
- | f | xzy | 456 |
- | g | xzy | 456 |
- | h | xzy | 456 |
- | i | xzy | 789 |
- | j | xzy | 987 |
- | k | xzy | 789 |
- | l | ijk | 147 |
- | m | ijk | 147 |
- | n | ijk | 852 |
- | o | opq | 852 |
- | p | opq | 963 |
- | q | opq | 741 |
- | r | tpk | 741 |
- | s | tpk | 963 |
- | t | tpk | 963 |
- | u | wer | 546 |
- | v | wer | 546 |
- | w | once | 546 |
- +----+------+-----+
- rows in set (0.00 sec)
为表添加自增长的id字段,代码如下:
- /* 为表添加自增长的id字段 */
- ALTER TABLE `noid` ADD `id` INT(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, ADD INDEX `id`(`id`);
- Query OK, 23 rows affected (0.16 sec)
- Records: 23 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- SELECT * FROM `noid`;
- +----+------+-----+----+
- | pk | name | add | id |
- +----+------+-----+----+
- | a | abc | 123 | 1 |
- | b | abc | 123 | 2 |
- | c | abc | 321 | 3 |
- | d | abc | 123 | 4 |
- | e | xzy | 123 | 5 |
- | f | xzy | 456 | 6 |
- | g | xzy | 456 | 7 |
- | h | xzy | 456 | 8 |
- | i | xzy | 789 | 9 |
- | j | xzy | 987 | 10 |
- | k | xzy | 789 | 11 |
- | l | ijk | 147 | 12 |
- | m | ijk | 147 | 13 |
- | n | ijk | 852 | 14 |
- | o | opq | 852 | 15 |
- | p | opq | 963 | 16 |
- | q | opq | 741 | 17 |
- | r | tpk | 741 | 18 |
- | s | tpk | 963 | 19 |
- | t | tpk | 963 | 20 |
- | u | wer | 546 | 21 |
- | v | wer | 546 | 22 |
- | w | once | 546 | 23 |
- +----+------+-----+----+
- rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL中必须是有索引的字段才可以使用AUTO_INCREMENT,删除重复数据与上例一样,记得删除完数据把id字段也删除了,删除重复数据,只保留一条数据,代码如下:
- /* 删除重复数据,只保留一条数据 */
- DELETE FROM `noid`
- USING `noid`,(
- SELECT DISTINCT MIN(`id`) AS `id`,`name`,`add`
- FROM `noid`
- GROUP BY `name`,`add`
- HAVING COUNT(1) > 1
- ) AS `t2`
- WHERE `noid`.`name` = `t2`.`name`
- AND `noid`.`add` = `t2`.`add`
- AND `noid`.`id` <> `t2`.`id`;
- Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.05 sec)
- /* 删除id字段 */
- ALTER TABLE `noid` DROP `id`;
- Query OK, 15 rows affected (0.16 sec)
- Records: 15 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- SELECT * FROM `noid`;
- +----+------+-----+
- | pk | name | add |
- +----+------+-----+
- | a | abc | 123 |
- | c | abc | 321 |
- | e | xzy | 123 |
- | f | xzy | 456 |
- | i | xzy | 789 |
- | j | xzy | 987 |
- | l | ijk | 147 |
- | n | ijk | 852 |
- | o | opq | 852 |
- | p | opq | 963 |
- | q | opq | 741 |
- | r | tpk | 741 |
- | s | tpk | 963 |
- | u | wer | 546 | //Vevb.com
- | w | once | 546 |
- +----+------+-----+
- rows in set (0.00 sec)
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