在mysql中innodb为uft8字符集时发现text,varchar这些字符索引会无效了,因类innodb utf8字符集下索引的长度限制单一字段的索引长度限制为767 bytes
索引总长度的限制是:The InnoDB internal maximum key length is 3500 bytes, but MySQL itself restricts this to 3072 bytes. (1024 bytes for non-64-bit builds before MySQL 5.0.17, and for all builds before 5.0.15.)
在utf8字符集下,varchar(255) 的[数据部分]占用 255*3=765 bytes,最接近767bytes,256*3 = 768bytes,已经超过767.
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]> CREATE TABLE `temp_2` (
- -> `id` BIGINT(20) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
- -> `pn` VARCHAR(128) DEFAULT '',
- -> `first_path` VARCHAR(256) DEFAULT '',
- -> `dir` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT '',
- -> `a` text,
- -> PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
- -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
- ->
- -> ;
- Query OK, 0 ROWS affected (0.15 sec)
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]>
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]>
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]> ALTER TABLE temp_2 ADD KEY (first_path);
- Query OK, 0 ROWS affected, 1 warning (0.18 sec)
- Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 1
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]> SHOW warnings;
- +---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+
- | Level | Code | Message |
- +---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+
- | Warning | 1071 | Specified KEY was too long; MAX KEY LENGTH IS 767 bytes |
- +---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+
- 1 ROW IN SET (0.00 sec)
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]> ALTER TABLE temp_2 ADD KEY (dir);
- Query OK, 0 ROWS affected (0.12 sec)
- Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]> ALTER TABLE temp_2 ADD KEY (a(767));
- Query OK, 0 ROWS affected, 1 warning (0.32 sec)
- Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 1
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]> SHOW warnings;
- +---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+
- | Level | Code | Message |
- +---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+
- | Warning | 1071 | Specified KEY was too long; MAX KEY LENGTH IS 767 bytes |
- +---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+
- 1 ROW IN SET (0.00 sec)
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]> SHOW CREATE TABLE temp_2;
- | temp_2 | CREATE TABLE `temp_2` (
- `id` BIGINT(20) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
- `pn` VARCHAR(128) DEFAULT '',
- `first_path` VARCHAR(256) DEFAULT '',
- `dir` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT '',
- `a` text,
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
- KEY `first_path` (`first_path`(255)),
- KEY `dir` (`dir`),
- KEY `a` (`a`(255))
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
所以key里面a(255),表示 255个字符(一个utf8字符占3字节),再看一下联合索引的情况:
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]> ALTER TABLE temp_2 ADD KEY (pn, first_path);
- Query OK, 0 ROWS affected, 1 warning (0.10 sec)
- Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 1
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]>
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]> SHOW warnings;
- +---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+
- | Level | Code | Message |
- +---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+
- | Warning | 1071 | Specified KEY was too long; MAX KEY LENGTH IS 767 bytes |
- +---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------+
- 1 ROW IN SET (0.00 sec)
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]> SHOW CREATE TABLE temp_2;
- | temp_2 | CREATE TABLE `temp_2` (
- `id` BIGINT(20) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
- `pn` VARCHAR(128) DEFAULT '',
- `first_path` VARCHAR(256) DEFAULT '',
- `dir` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT '',
- `a` text,
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
- KEY `first_path` (`first_path`(255)),
- KEY `dir` (`dir`),
- KEY `a` (`a`(255)),
- KEY `pn` (`pn`,`first_path`(255))
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
即使是联合索引,767的限制也是针对字段的,而不是联合索引的总长度,代码如下:
- CREATE TABLE `temp_2` (
- `id` BIGINT(20) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
- `a` text,
- `b` text,
- `c` text,
- `d` text,
- `e` text,
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
- 255 * 3 = 765 * 4 = 3060 + 4*3 = 3072
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]> ALTER TABLE temp_2 ADD KEY(a(255), b(255), c(255), d(255), e(4));
- Query OK, 0 ROWS affected (0.07 sec)
- Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- //Vevb.com
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]>
- [BIGHD](root@localhost) [cm]> ALTER TABLE temp_2 ADD KEY(a(255), b(255), c(255), d(255), e(5));
- ERROR 1071 (42000): Specified KEY was too long; MAX KEY LENGTH IS 3072 bytes
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