首页 > 数据库 > MySQL > 正文

MySQL数据库主从同步的实现方法推荐

2024-07-24 12:36:11
字体:
来源:转载
供稿:网友
  这篇文章主要讲解了MySQL数据库主从同步的实现方法,内容清晰明了,对此有兴趣的小伙伴可以学习一下,相信大家阅读完之后会有帮助。
 
  安装环境说明
 
  系统环境:
 
  [root@~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
  CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
  [root@~]# uname -r
  2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
  数据库:
 
  由于是模拟环境,主从库在同一台服务器上,服务器IP地址192.168.1.7
 
  主库使用3306端口
  从库使用3307端口
  数据库数据目录/data
  安装MySQL数据库服务
  下载软件包
 
  今天我们是用二进制安装包进行布署MySQL数据库服务,其它方式的安装布署方法请参考前面的文章
 
  [root@~]#wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.51-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
  创建数据目录、软件安装目录
 
  [root@~]#mkdir /data{3306,3307} -p
  [root@~]#mkdri /application
  解压软件
 
  [root@~]#tar zxf mysql-5.5.51-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
  [root@~]#mv mysql-5.5.51-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.51
  [root@~]#ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.51 /application/mysql
  创建用户
 
  [root@~]#groupadd mysql
  [root@~]#useradd -g mysql -M mysql
  初始化数据库
 
  [root@~]#/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data --user=mysql
 
  [root@~]#/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --user=mysql
  创建配置文件
 
  [root@~]#vi /data/3306/my.cnf
  [client]
  port   = 3306
  socket   = /data/3306/mysql.sock
 
  [mysql]
  no-auto-rehash
 
  [mysqld]
  user = mysql
  port = 3306
  socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock
  basedir = /application/mysql
  datadir = /data/3306/data
  open_files_limit = 1024
  back_log = 600
 
  max_connections = 800
  max_connect_errors = 3000
  table_cache = 614
  external-locking = FALSE
  max_allowed_packet =8M
  sort_buffer_size = 1M
  join_buffer_size = 1M
  thread_cache_size = 100
  thread_concurrency = 2
  query_cache_size = 2M
  query_cache_limit = 1M
  query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
  thread_stack = 192K
  tmp_table_size = 2M
  max_heap_table_size = 2M
  long_query_time = 1
 
  pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid
  log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin
  #主从同步的关键点,从库上不需要开启
  relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin
  relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info
  binlog_cache_size = 1M
  max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
  max_binlog_size = 2M
  expire_logs_days = 7
  key_buffer_size = 16M
  read_buffer_size = 1M
  read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
  bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
  lower_case_table_names = 1
  skip-name-resolve
  slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
  replicate-ignore-db=mysql
  server-id = 1 #主库从库ID 不可相同
 
  [mysqldump]
  quick
  max_allowed_packet = 2M
 
  [mysqld_safe]
  log-error=/data/3306/mysql3306.err
  pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid
  数据库启动脚本:
 
  [root@~]#vi /data/3306/mysql
  #!/bin/sh
  port=3306
  user="root"
  pwd="123456"
  Path="/application/mysql/bin"
  sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
 
  start_mysql()
  {
   if [ ! -e "$sock" ];then
    printf "Starting MySQL.../n"
    /bin/sh ${Path}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
   else
    printf "MySQL is running.../n"
    exit
   fi
  }
  stop_mysql()
  {
   if [ ! -e "$sock" ];then
    printf "MySQL is stopped.../n"
    exit
   else
    printf "Stoping MySQL.../n"
    ${Path}/mysqladmin -u ${user} -p${pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
   fi
  }
  restart_mysql()
  {
   printf "Restarting MySQL.../n"
   stop_mysql
   sleep 2
   start_mysql
  }
  case $1 in
  start)
   start_mysql
  ;;
  stop)
   stop_mysql
  ;;
  restart)
   restart_mysql
  ;;
  *)
   printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}/n"
  esac
  备注:主从库配置文件与启动文件一样,只需修改端口与server-id即可完成配置
 
  授权目录并增加启动文件可执行权限
 
  [root@~]#chown -R mysql.mysql /data
  [root@~]#find /data -name mysql -exex chmod +x {} /;
  启动数据库
 
  [root@~]#/data/3306/mysql start
  [root@~]#/data/3307/mysql start
  修改默认数据库密码
 
  [root@~]#mysqladmin -uroot password '123456' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
  [root@~]#mysqladmin -uroot password '123456' -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
  测试登陆,可以登陆两个数据库即可完成全部安装过程
 
  配置主库
  1)备份主库
 
  mkdir /backup
  登陆主库创建用步同户并授权
 
  [root@~]#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
 
  mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'192.168.1.%' identified by'123456';
 
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
  mysql> flush privileges;
 
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  执行锁表操作
 
  [root@~]#/application/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "flush table with read lock;"
  备份主库
 
  [root@~]#/application/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show master status;" >/backup/mysql.log
 
  [root@~]#/application/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -A -B |gzip >/backup/mysql.sql.gz
  解除锁表状态
 
  [root@~]#/application/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "unlock tables;"
  备注:以上操作也可以登陆主库进行,但是需要注意的是,执行锁表操作后,需要另开启一个窗口进行数据备份,不可直接退出,防止有数据写入导致备份的数据不完整。最好是使用非交互式操作。
 
  配置从库实现主从同步
  将主库的备份文件解压并恢复数据库
 
  [root@backup ]#gzip -d mysql.sql.gz
 
  [root@backup ]#/application/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock < mysql.sql
  查看LOG日志
 
  [root@backup ]#cat mysql.log
  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
  | File    | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
  | mysql-bin.000002 |  424 |    |     |
  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
  登陆从库执行下面的操作
 
  mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
   -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.7',  #服务器IP
   -> MASTER_PORT=3306,    #主库端口
   -> MASTER_USER='rep',    #同步的用户
   -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',  #同步的用户密码
   -> MASTER_LOG_FILE=' mysql-bin.000002', #binlog文件
   -> MASTER_LOG_POS=424;     #位置点
  mysql> start slave;    #开启同步
  等待60S后查看同步状态
 
  [root@backup ]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status/G"|egrep "Seconds_Behind_Master|_Running"
     Slave_IO_Running: Yes
     Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
     Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
  只要出现上述情况说明主从同步成功
 
  测试主从同步
  主库创建一个数据库
 
  [root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "create database tongbuku"
 
  [root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show databases"
  +-----------------------------+
  | Database     |
  +-----------------------------+
  | information_schema   |
  | mysql      |
  | performance_schema   |
  | test      |
  | tongbuku     |
  +-----------------------------+
  查看从库同步情况
 
  [root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show databases"
  +-----------------------------+
  | Database     |
  +-----------------------------+
  | information_schema   |
  | mysql      |
  | performance_schema   |
  | test      |
  | tongbuku     |
  +-----------------------------+
  表明主从同步状态正常,也可以在主库新的数据表中创建表,再插入新的数据来测试主从同步状态
 
  看完上述内容,是不是对MySQL数据库主从同步的实现方法有进一步的了解,如果还想学习更多内容。

(编辑:武林网)

发表评论 共有条评论
用户名: 密码:
验证码: 匿名发表