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MySQL架构优化之字符集

2024-07-24 12:34:49
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  MySQL应用于大中小企业当中,字符集标准化也是MySQL架构优化中重要的一部分。通常建议中英文混合环境建议选择utf8字符集。
  1.操作系统Linux cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n  => LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
  2.MySQL客户端 cat /etc/my.cnf => [client] default-character-set=utf8
  3.MySQL服务端 cat /etc/my.cnf => [mysqld] character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_bin
  4.库、表字符集一致 默认库、表字符集与MySQL服务端保持一致;所以,默认库、表字符集均为utf8
  5.程序 选择统一的utf8程序安装包
 
  1.操作系统Linux字符集
  [root@db12cvm1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n
  LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
  SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"
 
  2.MySQL客户端字符集
  [root@db12cvm1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
  [client]
  default-character-set=utf8
 
  3.MySQL服务端字符集
  [root@db12cvm1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
  [mysqld]
  character-set-server=utf8
  collation-server=utf8_bin
 
  4.库、表字符集一致 默认库、表字符集与MySQL服务端保持一致
  mysql> show databases;
  +--------------------+
  | Database           |
  +--------------------+
  | information_schema |
  | mysql              |
  | performance_schema |
  | test               |
  +--------------------+
  4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
  mysql> create database dbadoudou;
  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
  mysql> show create database dbadoudou/G;
  *************************** 1. row ***************************
         Database: dbadoudou
  Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `dbadoudou` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin */
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
  ERROR:
  No query specified
  ## DATABASE DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin and [mysqld] character-set-server=utf8
  ## collation-server=utf8_bin the same
 
  mysql> use dbadoudou;
  Database changed
  mysql> create table dbadoudou
      -> (
      -> id int(4) not null auto_increment,
      -> name char(20) not null,
      -> primary key (id)
      -> );
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (4.36 sec)
 
  mysql> show create table dbadoudou;
  +-----------
 
  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Table     | Create Table                                                                              
 
                                                                                                |
  +-----------
 
  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | dbadoudou | CREATE TABLE `dbadoudou` (
    `id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `name` char(20) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
  ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin |
  +-----------
 
  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
  ## TABLE DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin AND [mysqld] character-set-server=utf8
  ## collation-server=utf8_bin the same
 
  mysql> insert into dbadoudou (name) values('dbadoudou'),('ocmxiaoyu'),('ocmdream');
  ERROR 1665 (HY000): Cannot execute statement: impossible to write to binary log since BINLOG_FORMAT =
 
  STATEMENT and at least one table uses a storage engine limited to row-based logging. InnoDB is limited
 
  to row-logging when transaction isolation level is READ COMMITTED or READ UNCOMMITTED.
  ## CAUSE: ERROR 1665 (HY000)  SOLUTION: SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
 
  mysql> show global variables like 'binlog_format';
  +---------------+-----------+
  | Variable_name | Value     |
  +---------------+-----------+
  | binlog_format | STATEMENT |
  +---------------+-----------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  mysql> SELECT @@session.tx_isolation, @@global.tx_isolation;
  +------------------------+-----------------------+
  | @@session.tx_isolation | @@global.tx_isolation |
  +------------------------+-----------------------+
  | READ-COMMITTED         | READ-COMMITTED        |
  +------------------------+-----------------------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  mysql> SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
  mysql> SELECT @@session.tx_isolation, @@global.tx_isolation;
  +------------------------+-----------------------+
  | @@session.tx_isolation | @@global.tx_isolation |
  +------------------------+-----------------------+
  | REPEATABLE-READ        | READ-COMMITTED        |
  +------------------------+-----------------------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  mysql> insert into dbadoudou (name) values('dbadoudou'),('ocmxiaoyu'),('ocmdream');
  Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 
  mysql> select * from dbadoudou;
  +----+-----------+
  | id | name      |
  +----+-----------+
  |  1 | dbadoudou |
  |  2 | ocmxiaoyu |
  |  3 | ocmdream  |
  +----+-----------+
  3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  ## reference:MOS (文档 ID 1433907.1)
 
  5.处理MySQL乱码
  上面讲到字符集要标准化保持一致。如果出现不一致,怎么解决乱码问题呢?
  临时解决:
  set names utf8;
  永久解决:
  vi /etc/my.cnf
  [mysqld]
  character-set-server=utf8
  collation-server=utf8_bi

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