首页 > 数据库 > MySQL > 正文

mysql内连接和外连接有哪些区别

2024-07-24 12:33:46
字体:
来源:转载
供稿:网友
  mysql内连接和外连接的区别:内连接会取出连接表中匹配到的数据,匹配不到的不保留;而外连接会取出连接表中匹配到的数据,匹配不到的也会保留,其值为NULL。
 
  本教程操作环境:windows7系统、mysql8版本、Dell G3电脑。
 
  区别
  内连接(inner join):取出连接表中匹配到的数据,匹配不到的不保留
  外连接(outer join):取出连接表中匹配到的数据,匹配不到的也会保留,其值为NULL
  示例表
 
  users表
 
  mysql> select * from users;
  +----+-------+
  | id | name  |
  +----+-------+
  |  1 | john  |
  |  2 | May   |
  |  3 | Lucy  |
  |  4 | Jack  |
  |  5 | James |
  +----+-------+
  5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  topics表
 
  mysql> select * from topics;
  +----+---------------------------------------+---------+
  | id | title                                 | user_id |
  +----+---------------------------------------+---------+
  |  1 |  Hello world                          |       1 |
  |  2 | PHP is the best language in the world |       2 |
  |  3 | Laravel artist                        |       6 |
  +----+---------------------------------------+---------+
  3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  内连接(inner join)
  示例
  mysql> select * from users as u inner join topics as t on u.id=t.user_id;
  +----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
  | id | name | id | title                                 | user_id |
  +----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
  |  1 | john |  1 |  Hello world                          |       1 |
  |  2 | May  |  2 | PHP is the best language in the world |       2 |
  +----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
  2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  inner可以省略,as是给表起别名,也可以省略
 
  mysql> select * from users u join topics t on u.id=t.user_id;
  +----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
  | id | name | id | title                                 | user_id |
  +----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
  |  1 | john |  1 |  Hello world                          |       1 |
  |  2 | May  |  2 | PHP is the best language in the world |       2 |
  +----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
  2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  以上两句等价于
 
  mysql> select * from users,topics where users.id=topics.user_id;
  +----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
  | id | name | id | title                                 | user_id |
  +----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
  |  1 | john |  1 |  Hello world                          |       1 |
  |  2 | May  |  2 | PHP is the best language in the world |       2 |
  +----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
  2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  外连接(outer join)
  左外连接(left outer join):以左边的表为主表
  右外连接(right outer join):以右边的表为主表
  以某一个表为主表,进行关联查询,不管能不能关联的上,主表的数据都会保留,关联不上的以NULL显示
 
  通俗解释就是:先拿出主表的所有数据,然后到关联的那张表去找有没有符合关联条件的数据,如果有,正常显示,如果没有,显示为NULL
 
  示例
 
  mysql> select * from users as u left join topics as t on u.id=t.user_id;
  +----+-------+------+---------------------------------------+---------+
  | id | name  | id   | title                                 | user_id |
  +----+-------+------+---------------------------------------+---------+
  |  1 | john  |    1 |  Hello world                          |       1 |
  |  2 | May   |    2 | PHP is the best language in the world |       2 |
  |  3 | Lucy  | NULL | NULL                                  |    NULL |
  |  4 | Jack  | NULL | NULL                                  |    NULL |
  |  5 | James | NULL | NULL                                  |    NULL |
  +----+-------+------+---------------------------------------+---------+
  5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  等价于以下,只是字段的位置不一样
 
  mysql> select * from topics as t right join users as u on u.id=t.user_id;
  +------+---------------------------------------+---------+----+-------+
  | id   | title                                 | user_id | id | name  |
  +------+---------------------------------------+---------+----+-------+
  |    1 |  Hello world                          |       1 |  1 | john  |
  |    2 | PHP is the best language in the world |       2 |  2 | May   |
  | NULL | NULL                                  |    NULL |  3 | Lucy  |
  | NULL | NULL                                  |    NULL |  4 | Jack  |
  | NULL | NULL                                  |    NULL |  5 | James |
  +------+---------------------------------------+---------+----+-------+
  5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  左外连接和右外连接是相对的,主要就是以哪个表为主表去进行关联
 
  到此,关于“mysql内连接和外连接有哪些区别”的学习就结束了,希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习,快去试试吧!

(编辑:武林网)

发表评论 共有条评论
用户名: 密码:
验证码: 匿名发表