MySQL随机选取资源

2024-07-24 12:31:50

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随机选取一个资源
模拟表如下:
create table room_info(
RoomID bigint not null auto_increment comment '房间ID',
State smallint not null default 1 comment '状态.1表示空闲,2表示被占用',
primary key(RoomID)
) ;

INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (1,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (2,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (3,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (4,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (5,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (6,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (7,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (8,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (9,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (10,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (11,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (12,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (13,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (14,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (15,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (16,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (17,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (18,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (19,1);
INSERT INTO `room_info` (`RoomID`,`State`) VALUES (20,1);

从资源表中随机选取一个资源,并且修改状态.
资源表的记录不多,大致1w行左右.

创建普通索引
create index inx_1 on room_info(roomid,state);

这个索引非常重要
如果没有这个索引,可能会锁多行.

随机获取一行,并且修改资源状态.
set autocommit=false;
update room_info set state=2 where RoomID=(
    select * from (
        select RoomID from room_info where state=1 order by rand() limit 1
    ) a
) and state=1 and @roomid:=roomid;
select @roomid;
commit;

需要注意的是,在执行下面SQL的时候,没有上锁.
select RoomID from room_info where state=1 order by rand() limit 1
所以在多线程环境下,可能冲突.
所以需要判断 update 的影响行数.如果影响行数为0,说明资源已经被别人锁定.自己需要重新获取.

如果影响行数为0,此时切记不能拿到@roomid直接使用,而是需要重新运行.

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