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Kotlin如何直接使用控件ID原理详析

2024-07-21 23:03:51
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前言

最近断断续续地把项目的界面部分的代码由JAva改成了Kotlin编写,并且如果应用了kotlin-android-extensions插件,一个显而易见的好处是再也不用写 findViewById()来实例化你的控件对象了,直接操作你在布局文件里的id即可,这一点我感觉比butterknife做的还简洁友好。

Activity

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivityimport android.os.Bundleimport kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_main.*class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)  textview.text="hello world" }}

其中kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_main.*是kotlin-android-extensions插件自动生成的。下面我们来解析下原理。因为kotlin也是一门JVM语言,最近也会和java一样编译成class字节码,所以我们直接来反编译看看生成的java文件。

Kotlin,控件ID

选择Decompile,解析出来的代码如下

public final class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private HashMap _$_findViewCache; protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  this.setContentView(2131296284);  TextView var10000 = (TextView)this._$_findCachedViewById(id.textview);  Intrinsics.checkExpressionValueIsNotNull(var10000, "textview");  var10000.setText((CharSequence)"hello world"); } public View _$_findCachedViewById(int var1) {  if (this._$_findViewCache == null) {   this._$_findViewCache = new HashMap();  }  View var2 = (View)this._$_findViewCache.get(var1);  if (var2 == null) {   var2 = this.findViewById(var1);   this._$_findViewCache.put(var1, var2);  }  return var2; } public void _$_clearFindViewByIdCache() {  if (this._$_findViewCache != null) {   this._$_findViewCache.clear();  } }}

可以很清楚看到最终还是调用了findViewById() ,不过获取View对象直接调用的是findCachedViewById,并且创建一个 HashMap 进行View对象的缓存,避免每次调用 View 时都会重新调用findViewById()进行查找。

Fragment

再来看下Fragment中的使用:

import android.os.Bundleimport android.support.v4.app.Fragmentimport android.view.LayoutInflaterimport android.view.Viewimport android.view.ViewGroupimport kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.fragment_blank.*class BlankFragment : Fragment() {  override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View? {    return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_blank, container, false) } override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {  super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)  textview_fra.text="hello world" }}

反编译后代码如下

public final class BlankFragment extends Fragment { private HashMap _$_findViewCache; @Nullable public View onCreateView(@NotNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {  Intrinsics.checkParameterIsNotNull(inflater, "inflater");  return inflater.inflate(2131296285, container, false); } public void onViewCreated(@NotNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {  Intrinsics.checkParameterIsNotNull(view, "view");  super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);  TextView var10000 = (TextView)this._$_findCachedViewById(id.textview_fra);  Intrinsics.checkExpressionValueIsNotNull(var10000, "textview_fra");  var10000.setText((CharSequence)"hello world"); } public View _$_findCachedViewById(int var1) {  if (this._$_findViewCache == null) {   this._$_findViewCache = new HashMap();  }  View var2 = (View)this._$_findViewCache.get(var1);  if (var2 == null) {   View var10000 = this.getView();   if (var10000 == null) {   return null;   }   var2 = var10000.findViewById(var1);   this._$_findViewCache.put(var1, var2);  }  return var2; } public void _$_clearFindViewByIdCache() {  if (this._$_findViewCache != null) {   this._$_findViewCache.clear();  } } // $FF: synthetic method public void onDestroyView() {  super.onDestroyView();  this._$_clearFindViewByIdCache(); }}

可以看到最终是通过调用getView().findViewById()来进行控件的实例化。

看下getView()源码

 @Nullable public View getView() {  return this.mView; }

再看下mView成员变量的赋值时机:

 void performCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {  if (this.mChildFragmentManager != null) {   this.mChildFragmentManager.noteStateNotSaved();  }  this.mPerformedCreateView = true;  this.mViewLifecycleOwner = new LifecycleOwner() {   public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {    if (Fragment.this.mViewLifecycleRegistry == null) {     Fragment.this.mViewLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(Fragment.this.mViewLifecycleOwner);    }    return Fragment.this.mViewLifecycleRegistry;   }  };  this.mViewLifecycleRegistry = null;  this.mView = this.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);  if (this.mView != null) {   this.mViewLifecycleOwner.getLifecycle();   this.mViewLifecycleOwnerLiveData.setValue(this.mViewLifecycleOwner);  } else {   if (this.mViewLifecycleRegistry != null) {    throw new IllegalStateException("Called getViewLifecycleOwner() but onCreateView() returned null");   }   this.mViewLifecycleOwner = null;  } }

可以看到mView其实就是onCreateView()的返回值,所以我们不能在onCreateView()方法里操作控件ID的方式操作View对象,会产生空指针异常。建议在onViewCreated()方法里使用。

其他(动态布局)

除了Activity和Fragment,我们用的最多的UI布局当属Adapter了,kotlin-android-extensions也提供了对这一类动态布局的支持。因为这一功能是实现性质的,默认关闭,我们需要手动打开,在build.gradle中开启:

androidExtensions { experimental = true}

然后再recycler.adapter中使用如下:

import kotlinx.android.extensions.LayoutContainerimport kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.item_recyclerview.*class MyAdapter(val context: Context, val data: List<String>) : RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder>() { override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): ViewHolder {  val view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item_recyclerview, parent, false)  return ViewHolder(view) } override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: ViewHolder, position: Int) {  holder.name_tv.text = data[position]  holder.itemView.setOnClickListener {   Toast.makeText(context,"点击了第$position 项",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()  } } override fun getItemCount(): Int {  return data.size } inner class ViewHolder(itemView: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView), LayoutContainer {  override val containerView: View = itemView }}

可以看到相比Activity和Fragment,我们的ViewHolder需要多实现一个接口LayoutContainer。看下它的源码:

 public final class ViewHolder extends android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.ViewHolder implements LayoutContainer {  @NotNull  private final View containerView;  private HashMap _$_findViewCache;  @NotNull  public View getContainerView() {   return this.containerView;  }  public ViewHolder(@NotNull View itemView) {   Intrinsics.checkParameterIsNotNull(itemView, "itemView");   super(itemView);   this.containerView = itemView;  }  public View _$_findCachedViewById(int var1) {   if (this._$_findViewCache == null) {   this._$_findViewCache = new HashMap();   }   View var2 = (View)this._$_findViewCache.get(var1);   if (var2 == null) {   View var10000 = this.getContainerView();   if (var10000 == null) {    return null;   }   var2 = var10000.findViewById(var1);   this._$_findViewCache.put(var1, var2);   }   return var2;  }  public void _$_clearFindViewByIdCache() {   if (this._$_findViewCache != null) {   this._$_findViewCache.clear();   }  } }

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对VeVb武林网的支持。


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