--监控索引是否使用
alter index &index_name monitoring usage;
alter index &index_name nomonitoring usage;
select * from v$object_usage where index_name = &index_name;
--求数据文件的i/o分布
select df.name,phyrds,phywrts,phyblkrd,phyblkwrt,singleblkrds,readtim,writetim
?from v$filestat fs,v$dbfile df
where fs.file#=df.file# order by df.name;
--求某个隐藏参数的值
?col ksppinm format a54
?col ksppstvl format a54
?select ksppinm, ksppstvl
? from x$ksppi pi, x$ksppcv cv
?where cv.indx=pi.indx and pi.ksppinm like '/_%' escape '/' and pi.ksppinm like '%¶meer%';
--求系统中较大的latch
select name,sum(gets),sum(misses),sum(sleeps),sum(wait_time)
?from v$latch_children
group by name having sum(gets) > 50 order by 2;
--求归档日志的切换频率(生产系统可能时间会很长)
select start_recid,start_time,end_recid,end_time,minutes from (select test.*, rownum as rn
?from (select b.recid start_recid,to_char(b.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') start_time,
? a.recid end_recid,to_char(a.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') end_time,round(((a.first_time-b.first_time)*24)*60,2) minutes
?from v$log_history a,v$log_history b where a.recid=b.recid+1 and b.first_time > sysdate - 1
? order by a.first_time desc) test) y where y.rn < 30
?
--求回滚段正在处理的事务
select a.name,b.xacts,c.sid,c.serial#,d.sql_text
?from v$rollname a,v$rollstat b,v$session c,v$sqltext d,v$transaction e
where a.usn=b.usn and b.usn=e.xidusn and c.taddr=e.addr
?and c.sql_address=d.address and c.sql_hash_value=d.hash_value order by a.name,c.sid,d.piece;
--求出无效的对象
select 'alter procedure '||object_name||' compile;'
?from dba_objects
where status='invalid' and owner='&' and object_type in ('package','package body');
/
select owner,object_name,object_type,status from dba_objects where status='invalid';
--求process/session的状态
select p.pid,p.spid,s.program,s.sid,s.serial#
?from v$process p,v$session s where s.paddr=p.addr;
--求当前session的状态
select sn.name,ms.value
?from v$mystat ms,v$statname sn
where ms.statistic#=sn.statistic# and ms.value > 0;
--求表的索引信息
select ui.table_name,ui.index_name
?from user_indexes ui,user_ind_columns uic
where ui.table_name=uic.table_name and ui.index_name=uic.index_name
?and ui.table_name like '&table_name%' and uic.column_name='&column_name';
--显示表的外键信息
col search_condition format a54
select table_name,constraint_name
? from user_constraints
?where constraint_type ='r' and constraint_name in (select constraint_name from user_cons_columns where column_name='&1');
select rpad(child.table_name,25,' ') child_tablename,
?rpad(cp.column_name,17,' ') referring_column,rpad(parent.table_name,25,' ') parent_tablename,
?rpad(pc.column_name,15,' ') referred_column,rpad(child.constraint_name,25,' ') constraint_name
?from user_constraints child,user_constraints parent,
????? user_cons_columns cp,user_cons_columns pc
where child.constraint_type = 'r' and child.r_constraint_name = parent.constraint_name and
? child.constraint_name = cp.constraint_name and parent.constraint_name = pc.constraint_name and
? cp.position = pc.position and child.table_name ='&table_name'
?order by child.owner,child.table_name,child.constraint_name,cp.position;
--显示表的分区及子分区(user_tab_subpartitions)
col table_name format a16
col partition_name format a16
col high_value format a81
select table_name,partition_name,high_value from user_tab_partitions where table_name='&table_name'
--使用dbms_xplan生成一个执行计划
explain plan set statement_id = '&sql_id' for &sql;
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);
--求某个事务的重做信息(bytes)
select s.name,m.value
? from v$mystat m,v$statname s
?where m.statistic#=s.statistic# and s.name like '%redo size%';
--求cache中缓存超过其5%的对象
select o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name,count(b.objd)
?from v$bh b,dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.object_id
?group by o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name
?having count(b.objd) > (select to_number(value)*0.05 from v$parameter where name = 'db_block_buffers');
--求谁阻塞了某个session(10g)
select sid, username, event, blocking_session,
? seconds_in_wait, wait_time
?from v$session where state in ('waiting') and wait_class != 'idle';
--求session的os进程id
col program format a54
select p.spid "os thread", b.name "name-user", s.program
?from v$process p, v$session s, v$bgprocess b
?where p.addr = s.paddr and p.addr = b.paddr
union all
select p.spid "os thread", s.username "name-user", s.program
?from v$process p, v$session s where p.addr = s.paddr and s.username is not null;
--查会话的阻塞
col user_name format a32
select /*+ rule */ lpad(' ',decode(l.xidusn ,0,3,0))||l.oracle_username user_name, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
?from v$locked_object l,dba_objects o,v$session s
where l.object_id=o.object_id and l.session_id=s.sid order by o.object_id,xidusn desc ;
col username format a15
col lock_level format a8
col owner format a18
col object_name format a32
select /*+ rule */ s.username, decode(l.type,'tm','table lock', 'tx','row lock', null) lock_level, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
?from v$session s,v$lock l,dba_objects o
where l.sid = s.sid and l.id1 = o.object_id(+) and s.username is not null ;
--求等待的事件及会话信息/求会话的等待及会话信息
select se.sid,s.username,se.event,se.total_waits,se.time_waited,se.average_wait
? from v$session s,v$session_event se
where s.username is not null and se.sid=s.sid and s.status='active' and se.event not like '%sql*net%' order by s.username;
select s.sid,s.username,sw.event,sw.wait_time,sw.state,sw.seconds_in_wait
? from v$session s,v$session_wait sw
where s.username is not null and sw.sid=s.sid and sw.event not like '%sql*net%' order by s.username;
--求会话等待的file_id/block_id
col event format a24
col p1text format a12
col p2text format a12
col p3text format a12
select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
? from v$session_wait
where event not like '%sql%' and event not like '%rdbms%' and event not like '%mon%' order by event;
select name,wait_time from v$latch l where exists (select 1 from (select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
? from v$session_wait
where event not like '%sql%' and event not like '%rdbms%' and event not like '%mon%'
) x where x.p1= l.latch#);
--求会话等待的对象
col owner format a18
col segment_name format a32
col segment_type format a32
select owner,segment_name,segment_type
? from dba_extents
where file_id = &file_id and &block_id between block_id and block_id + blocks - 1;
--求buffer cache中的块信息
select o.object_type, substr(o.object_name,1,10) objname , b.objd , b.status, count(b.objd)
?from? v$bh b, dba_objects o
?where b.objd = o.data_object_id and o.owner = '&1' group by o.object_type, o.object_name,b.objd, b.status ;
--求日志文件的空间使用
select le.leseq current_log_sequence#, 100*cp.cpodr_bno/le.lesiz percentage_full
?from x$kcccp cp,x$kccle le
?where le.leseq =cp.cpodr_seq;
--求等待中的对象
select /*+rule */ s.sid, s.username, w.event, o.owner, o.segment_name, o.segment_type,
?????? o.partition_name, w.seconds_in_wait seconds, w.state
? from v$session_wait w, v$session s, dba_extents o
?where w.event in (select name from v$event_name? where parameter1 = 'file#'
?? and parameter2 = 'block#' and name not like 'control%')
?? and o.owner <> 'sys' and w.sid = s.sid and w.p1 = o.file_id and w.p2 >= o.block_id and w.p2 < o.block_id + o.blocks
--求当前事务的重做尺寸
select value
? from v$mystat, v$statname
?where v$mystat.statistic# = v$statname.statistic# and v$statname.name = 'redo size';
--唤醒smon去清除临时段
column pid new_value smon
set termout off
select p.pid from sys.v_$bgprocess b,sys.v_$process p where b.name = 'smon' and p.addr = b.paddr
/
set termout on
oradebug wakeup &smon
undefine smon
--求回退率
select b.value/(a.value + b.value),a.value,b.value from v$sysstat a,v$sysstat b
where a.statistic#=4 and b.statistic#=5;
--求disk read较多的sql
select st.sql_text from v$sql s,v$sqltext st
where s.address=st.address and s.hash_value=st.hash_value and s.disk_reads > 300;
--求disk sort严重的sql
select sess.username, sql.sql_text, sort1.blocks
? from v$session sess, v$sqlarea sql, v$sort_usage sort1
?where sess.serial# = sort1.session_num
?? and sort1.sqladdr = sql.address
?? and sort1.sqlhash = sql.hash_value? and sort1.blocks > 200;
--求对象的创建代码
column column_name format a36
column sql_text format a99
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('table','&1') from dual;
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('index','&1') from dual;
--求表的索引
set linesize 131
select a.index_name,a.column_name,b.status, b.index_type
from user_ind_columns a,user_indexes b
where a.index_name=b.index_name and a.table_name='&1';
求索引中行数较多的
select index_name,blevel,num_rows,clustering_factor,status from user_indexes where num_rows > 10000 and blevel > 0
select table_name,index_name,blevel,num_rows,clustering_factor,status from user_indexes where status <> 'valid'
--求当前会话的sid，serial#
select sid, serial# from v$session where audsid = sys_context('userenv','sessionid');
--求表空间的未用空间
col mbytes format 9999.9999
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 mbytes from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;
--求表中定义的触发器
select table_name,index_type,index_name,uniqueness from user_indexes where table_name='&1';
select trigger_name from user_triggers where table_name='&1';
--求未定义索引的表
select table_name from user_tables where table_name not in (select table_name from user_ind_columns);
--执行常用的过程
exec print_sql('select count(*) from tab');
exec show_space2('table_name');
--求free memory
select * from v$sgastat where name='free memory';
select a.name,sum(b.value) from v$statname a,v$sesstat b where a.statistic# = b.statistic# group by a.name;
查看一下谁在使用那个可以得回滚段，或者查看一下某个可以得用户在使用回滚段，
找出领回滚段不断增长的事务，再看看如何处理它，是否可以将它commit，再不行
就看看能否kill它，等等, 查看当前正在使用的回滚段的用户信息和回滚段信息:
set linesize 121
select r.name "rollback segment name ",l.sid "oracle pid",p.spid "system pid ",s.username "oracle username"
from v$lock l, v$process p, v$rollname r, v$session s
where l.sid = p.pid(+) and s.sid=l.sid and trunc(l.id1(+)/65536) = r.usn and l.type(+) = 'tx' and l.lmode(+) = 6 order by r.name;
--查看用户的回滚段的信息
select s.username, rn.name from v$session s, v$transaction t, v$rollstat r, v$rollname rn
where s.saddr = t.ses_addr and t.xidusn = r.usn and r.usn = rn.usn
--生成执行计划
explain plan set statement_id='a1' for &1;
--查看执行计划
select lpad(' ',2*(level-1))||operation operation,options,object_name,position from plan_table
start with id=0 and statement_id='a1' connect by prior id=parent_id and statement_id='a1'
--查看内存中存的使用
select decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'data',2,'sort',4,'header',to_char(class)),'rollback') "class",
sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,0,1)) "not dirty",sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,1,0)) "dirty",
sum(dirty_queue) "on dirty",count(*) "total"
from x$bh group by decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'data',2,'sort',4,'header',to_char(class)),'rollback');
-- 查看表空间状态
?select tablespace_name,extent_management,segment_space_management from dba_tablespaces;
?select table_name,freelists,freelist_groups from user_tables;
--查看系统请求情况
select decode (name, 'summed dirty write queue length', value)/
decode (name, 'write requests', value) "write request length"
from v$sysstat where name in ( 'summed dirty queue length', 'write requests') and value>0;
--计算data buffer 命中率
select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "buffer hit ratio"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 40 and b.statistic# = 41 and c.statistic# = 42;
select name, (1-(physical_reads/(db_block_gets+consistent_gets)))*100 h_ratio from v$buffer_pool_statistics;
--查看内存使用情况
select least(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)) shared_pool_used,
max(b.value)/(1024*1024) shared_pool_size,greatest(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))-
(sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)) shared_pool_avail,((sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))/(max(b.value)/(1024*1024)))*100 avail_pool_pct
from v$sgastat a, v$parameter b where (a.pool='shared pool' and a.name not in ('free memory')) and b.name='shared_pool_size';
--查看用户使用内存情况
select username, sum(sharable_mem), sum(persistent_mem), sum(runtime_mem)
from sys.v_$sqlarea a, dba_users b
where a.parsing_user_id = b.user_id group by username;
--查看对象的缓存情况
select owner,namespace,type,name,sharable_mem,loads,executions,locks,pins,kept
from v$db_object_cache where type not in ('not loaded','non-existent','view','table','sequence')
and executions>0 and loads>1 and kept='no' order by owner,namespace,type,executions desc;
select type,count(*) from v$db_object_cache group by type;
--查看库缓存命中率
select namespace,gets, gethitratio*100 gethitratio,pins,pinhitratio*100 pinhitratio,reloads,invalidations from v$librarycache
--查看某些用户的hash
select a.username, count(b.hash_value) total_hash,count(b.hash_value)-count(unique(b.hash_value)) same_hash,
(count(unique(b.hash_value))/count(b.hash_value))*100 u_hash_ratio
from dba_users a, v$sqlarea b where a.user_id=b.parsing_user_id group by a.username;
--查看字典命中率
select (sum(getmisses)/sum(gets)) ratio from v$rowcache;
--查看undo段的使用情况
select d.segment_name,extents,optsize,shrinks,aveshrink,aveactive,d.status
from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s,dba_rollback_segs d
where d.segment_id=n.usn(+) and d.segment_id=s.usn(+);
--无效的对象
select owner,object_type,object_name from dba_objects where status='invalid';
select constraint_name,table_name from dba_constraints where status='invalid';
--求出某个进程，并对它进行跟踪
select s.sid,s.serial# from v$session s,v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and p.spid=&1;
exec dbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session(&1,&2,true);
exec dbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session(&1,&2,false);
--求出锁定的对象
select do.object_name,session_id,process,locked_mode
from v$locked_object lo, dba_objects do where lo.object_id=do.object_id;
--求当前session的跟踪文件
select p1.value || '/' || p2.value || '_ora_' || p.spid || '.ora' filename
? from v$process p, v$session s, v$parameter p1, v$parameter p2
?where p1.name = 'user_dump_dest' and p2.name = 'instance_name'
?? and p.addr = s.paddr and s.audsid = userenv('sessionid') and p.background is null and instr(p.program,'cjq') = 0;
--求对象所在的文件及块号
select segment_name,header_file,header_block
from dba_segments where segment_name like '&1';
--求对象发生事务时回退段及块号
select a.segment_name,a.header_file,a.header_block
from dba_segments a,dba_rollback_segs b
where a.segment_name=b.segment_name and b.segment_id='&1'
--9i的在线重定义表
/*如果在线重定义的表没有主键需要创建主键*/
exec dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement');
create table anno2 as select * from announcement
exec dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
exec dbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
exec dbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
drop table anno2
exec dbms_redefinition.abort_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
--常用的logmnr脚本(cybercafe)
exec sys.dbms_logmnr_d.build(dictionary_filename =>'esal',dictionary_location =>'/home/oracle/logmnr');
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_24050.dbf', options=>sys.dbms_logmnr.new);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22912.dbf', options=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22913.dbf', options=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22914.dbf', options=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'/home/oracle/logmnr/esal.ora');
create table logmnr2 as select * from v$logmnr_contents;
--与权限相关的字典
all_col_privs????表示列上的授权，用户和public是被授予者
all_col_privs_made? 表示列上的授权，用户是属主和被授予者
all_col_recd????表示列上的授权，用户和public是被授予者
all_tab_privs????表示对象上的授权，用户是public或被授予者或用户是属主
all_tab_privs_made? 表示对象上的权限，用户是属主或授予者
all_tab_privs_recd? 表示对象上的权限, 用户是public或被授予者
dba_col_privs????数据库列上的所有授权
dba_role_privs???显示已授予用户或其他角色的角色
dba_sys_privs????已授予用户或角色的系统权限
dba_tab_privs????数据库对象上的所有权限
role_role_privs???显示已授予用户的角色
role_sys_privs???显示通过角色授予用户的系统权限
role_tab_privs???显示通过角色授予用户的对象权限
session_privs????显示用户现在可利用的所有系统权限
user_col_privs???显示列上的权限，用户是属主、授予者或被授予者
user_col_privs_made 显示列上已授予的权限，用户是属主或授予者
user_col_privs_recd 显示列上已授予的权限，用户是属主或被授予者
user_role_privs???显示已授予给用户的所有角色
user_sys_privs???显示已授予给用户的所有系统权限
user_tab_privs???显示已授予给用户的所有对象权限
user_tab_privs_made 显示已授予给其他用户的对象权限，用户是属主
user_tab_privs_recd 显示已授予给其他用户的对象权限，用户是被授予者
--如何用dbms_stats分析表及模式？
exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'&user_name',estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,
?method_opt => 'for all columns size auto',degree=> dbms_stats.default_degree);
exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'&user_name',estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,cascade=>true);
/*
for all [indexed | hidden] columns [size_clause]
for columns [size clause] column|attribute [size_clause] [,column|attribute [size_clause]...],
where size_clause is defined as size_clause := size {integer | repeat | auto | skewonly}
integer--number of histogram buckets. must be in the range [1,254].
repeat--collects histograms only on the columns that already have histograms.
auto--oracle determines the columns to collect histograms based on data distribution and the workload of the columns.
skewonly--oracle determines the columns to collect histograms based on the data distribution of the columns
*/
