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Spring Security结合JWT的方法教程

2024-07-13 10:14:38
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概述

众所周知使用 JWT 做权限验证,相比 Session 的优点是,Session 需要占用大量服务器内存,并且在多服务器时就会涉及到共享 Session 问题,在手机等移动端访问时比较麻烦

而 JWT 无需存储在服务器,不占用服务器资源(也就是无状态的),用户在登录后拿到 Token 后,访问需要权限的请求时附上 Token(一般设置在Http请求头),JWT 不存在多服务器共享的问题,也没有手机移动端访问问题,若为了提高安全,可将 Token 与用户的 IP 地址绑定起来

前端流程

用户通过 AJAX 进行登录得到一个 Token

之后访问需要权限请求时附上 Token 进行访问

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="application/javascript">  var header = "";  function login() {   $.post("http://localhost:8080/auth/login", {    username: $("#username").val(),    password: $("#password").val()   }, function (data) {    console.log(data);    header = data;   })  }  function toUserPageBtn() {   $.ajax({    type: "get",    url: "http://localhost:8080/userpage",    beforeSend: function (request) {     request.setRequestHeader("Authorization", header);    },    success: function (data) {     console.log(data);    }   });  } </script></head><body> <fieldset>  <legend>Please Login</legend>  <label>UserName</label><input type="text" id="username">  <label>Password</label><input type="text" id="password">  <input type="button" onclick="login()" value="Login"> </fieldset> <button id="toUserPageBtn" onclick="toUserPageBtn()">访问UserPage</button></body></html>

后端流程(Spring Boot + Spring Security + JJWT)

思路:

  • 创建用户、权限实体类与数据传输对象
  • 编写 Dao 层接口,用于获取用户信息
  • 实现 UserDetails(Security 支持的用户实体对象,包含权限信息)
  • 实现 UserDetailsSevice(从数据库中获取用户信息,并包装成UserDetails)
  • 编写 JWTToken 生成工具,用于生成、验证、解析 Token
  • 配置 Security,配置请求处理 与 设置 UserDetails 获取方式为自定义的 UserDetailsSevice
  • 编写 LoginController,接收用户登录名密码并进行验证,若验证成功返回 Token 给用户
  • 编写过滤器,若用户请求头或参数中包含 Token 则解析,并生成 Authentication,绑定到 SecurityContext ,供 Security 使用
  • 用户访问了需要权限的页面,却没附上正确的 Token,在过滤器处理时则没有生成 Authentication,也就不存在访问权限,则无法访问,否之访问成功

编写用户实体类,并插入一条数据

User(用户)实体类

@Data@Entitypublic class User { @Id @GeneratedValue private int id; private String name; private String password; @ManyToMany(cascade = {CascadeType.REFRESH}, fetch = FetchType.EAGER) @JoinTable(name = "user_role", joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "uid", referencedColumnName = "id")}, inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "rid", referencedColumnName = "id")}) private List<Role> roles;} 

Role(权限)实体类

@Data@Entitypublic class Role { @Id @GeneratedValue private int id; private String name; @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "roles") private List<User> users;}

插入数据

User 表

 

id name password
1 linyuan 123

 

Role 表

 

id name
1 USER

 

User_ROLE 表

 

uid rid
1 1

 

Dao 层接口,通过用户名获取数据,返回值为 Java8 的 Optional 对象

public interface UserRepository extends Repository<User,Integer> { Optional<User> findByName(String name);}

编写 LoginDTO,用于与前端之间数据传输

@Datapublic class LoginDTO implements Serializable { @NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空") private String username; @NotBlank(message = "密码不能为空") private String password;}

编写 Token 生成工具,利用 JJWT 库创建,一共三个方法:生成 Token(返回String)、解析 Token(返回Authentication认证对象)、验证 Token(返回布尔值)

@Componentpublic class JWTTokenUtils { private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JWTTokenUtils.class); private static final String AUTHORITIES_KEY = "auth"; private String secretKey;   //签名密钥 private long tokenValidityInMilliseconds;  //失效日期 private long tokenValidityInMillisecondsForRememberMe;  //(记住我)失效日期 @PostConstruct public void init() {  this.secretKey = "Linyuanmima";  int secondIn1day = 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24;  this.tokenValidityInMilliseconds = secondIn1day * 2L;  this.tokenValidityInMillisecondsForRememberMe = secondIn1day * 7L; } private final static long EXPIRATIONTIME = 432_000_000; //创建Token public String createToken(Authentication authentication, Boolean rememberMe){  String authorities = authentication.getAuthorities().stream()  //获取用户的权限字符串,如 USER,ADMIN    .map(GrantedAuthority::getAuthority)    .collect(Collectors.joining(","));  long now = (new Date()).getTime();    //获取当前时间戳  Date validity;           //存放过期时间  if (rememberMe){   validity = new Date(now + this.tokenValidityInMilliseconds);  }else {   validity = new Date(now + this.tokenValidityInMillisecondsForRememberMe);  }  return Jwts.builder()         //创建Token令牌    .setSubject(authentication.getName())   //设置面向用户    .claim(AUTHORITIES_KEY,authorities)    //添加权限属性    .setExpiration(validity)      //设置失效时间    .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512,secretKey) //生成签名    .compact(); } //获取用户权限 public Authentication getAuthentication(String token){  System.out.println("token:"+token);  Claims claims = Jwts.parser()       //解析Token的payload    .setSigningKey(secretKey)    .parseClaimsJws(token)    .getBody();  Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities =    Arrays.stream(claims.get(AUTHORITIES_KEY).toString().split(","))   //获取用户权限字符串    .map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new)    .collect(Collectors.toList());             //将元素转换为GrantedAuthority接口集合  User principal = new User(claims.getSubject(), "", authorities);  return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(principal, "", authorities); } //验证Token是否正确 public boolean validateToken(String token){  try {   Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secretKey).parseClaimsJws(token); //通过密钥验证Token   return true;  }catch (SignatureException e) {          //签名异常   log.info("Invalid JWT signature.");   log.trace("Invalid JWT signature trace: {}", e);  } catch (MalformedJwtException e) {         //JWT格式错误   log.info("Invalid JWT token.");   log.trace("Invalid JWT token trace: {}", e);  } catch (ExpiredJwtException e) {         //JWT过期   log.info("Expired JWT token.");   log.trace("Expired JWT token trace: {}", e);  } catch (UnsupportedJwtException e) {        //不支持该JWT   log.info("Unsupported JWT token.");   log.trace("Unsupported JWT token trace: {}", e);  } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {        //参数错误异常   log.info("JWT token compact of handler are invalid.");   log.trace("JWT token compact of handler are invalid trace: {}", e);  }  return false; }}

实现 UserDetails 接口,代表用户实体类,在我们的 User 对象上在进行包装,包含了权限等性质,可以供 Spring Security 使用

public class MyUserDetails implements UserDetails{ private User user; public MyUserDetails(User user) {  this.user = user; } @Override public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {  List<Role> roles = user.getRoles();  List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();  if (roles.size()>=1){   for (Role role : roles){    authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role.getName()));   }   return authorities;  }  return AuthorityUtils.commaSeparatedStringToAuthorityList(""); } @Override public String getPassword() {  return user.getPassword(); } @Override public String getUsername() {  return user.getName(); } @Override public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {  return true; } @Override public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {  return true; } @Override public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {  return true; } @Override public boolean isEnabled() {  return true; }}

实现 UserDetailsService 接口,该接口仅有一个方法,用来获取 UserDetails,我们可以从数据库中获取 User 对象,然后将其包装成 UserDetails 并返回

@Servicepublic class MyUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService { @Autowired UserRepository userRepository; @Override public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String s) throws UsernameNotFoundException {  //从数据库中加载用户对象  Optional<User> user = userRepository.findByName(s);  //调试用,如果值存在则输出下用户名与密码  user.ifPresent((value)->System.out.println("用户名:"+value.getName()+" 用户密码:"+value.getPassword()));  //若值不再则返回null  return new MyUserDetails(user.orElse(null)); }}

编写过滤器,用户如果携带 Token 则获取 Token,并根据 Token 生成 Authentication 认证对象,并存放到 SecurityContext 中,供 Spring Security 进行权限控制

public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends GenericFilterBean { private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter.class); @Autowired private JWTTokenUtils tokenProvider; @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {  System.out.println("JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter");  try {   HttpServletRequest httpReq = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;   String jwt = resolveToken(httpReq);   if (StringUtils.hasText(jwt) && this.tokenProvider.validateToken(jwt)) {   //验证JWT是否正确    Authentication authentication = this.tokenProvider.getAuthentication(jwt);  //获取用户认证信息    SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);   //将用户保存到SecurityContext   }   filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);  }catch (ExpiredJwtException e){          //JWT失效   log.info("Security exception for user {} - {}",     e.getClaims().getSubject(), e.getMessage());   log.trace("Security exception trace: {}", e);   ((HttpServletResponse) servletResponse).setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);  } } private String resolveToken(HttpServletRequest request){  String bearerToken = request.getHeader(WebSecurityConfig.AUTHORIZATION_HEADER);   //从HTTP头部获取TOKEN  if (StringUtils.hasText(bearerToken) && bearerToken.startsWith("Bearer ")){   return bearerToken.substring(7, bearerToken.length());        //返回Token字符串,去除Bearer  }  String jwt = request.getParameter(WebSecurityConfig.AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN);    //从请求参数中获取TOKEN  if (StringUtils.hasText(jwt)) {   return jwt;  }  return null; }}

编写 LoginController,用户通过用户名、密码访问 /auth/login,通过 LoginDTO 对象接收,创建一个 Authentication 对象,代码中为 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken,判断对象是否存在,通过 AuthenticationManager 的 authenticate 方法对认证对象进行验证,AuthenticationManager 的实现类 ProviderManager 会通过 AuthentionProvider(认证处理) 进行验证,默认 ProviderManager 调用 DaoAuthenticationProvider 进行认证处理,DaoAuthenticationProvider 中会通过 UserDetailsService(认证信息来源) 获取 UserDetails ,若认证成功则返回一个包含权限的 Authention,然后通过 SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication() 设置到 SecurityContext 中,根据 Authentication 生成 Token,并返回给用户

@RestControllerpublic class LoginController { @Autowired private UserRepository userRepository; @Autowired private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager; @Autowired private JWTTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils; @RequestMapping(value = "/auth/login",method = RequestMethod.POST) public String login(@Valid LoginDTO loginDTO, HttpServletResponse httpResponse) throws Exception{  //通过用户名和密码创建一个 Authentication 认证对象,实现类为 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken  UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(loginDTO.getUsername(),loginDTO.getPassword());  //如果认证对象不为空  if (Objects.nonNull(authenticationToken)){   userRepository.findByName(authenticationToken.getPrincipal().toString())     .orElseThrow(()->new Exception("用户不存在"));  }  try {   //通过 AuthenticationManager(默认实现为ProviderManager)的authenticate方法验证 Authentication 对象   Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(authenticationToken);   //将 Authentication 绑定到 SecurityContext   SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);   //生成Token   String token = jwtTokenUtils.createToken(authentication,false);   //将Token写入到Http头部   httpResponse.addHeader(WebSecurityConfig.AUTHORIZATION_HEADER,"Bearer "+token);   return "Bearer "+token;  }catch (BadCredentialsException authentication){   throw new Exception("密码错误");  } }}

编写 Security 配置类,继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter,重写 configure 方法

@Configuration@EnableWebSecurity@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { public static final String AUTHORIZATION_HEADER = "Authorization"; public static final String AUTHORIZATION_TOKEN = "access_token"; @Autowired private UserDetailsService userDetailsService; @Override protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {  auth    //自定义获取用户信息    .userDetailsService(userDetailsService)    //设置密码加密    .passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder()); } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {  //配置请求访问策略  http    //关闭CSRF、CORS    .cors().disable()    .csrf().disable()    //由于使用Token,所以不需要Session    .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)    .and()    //验证Http请求    .authorizeRequests()    //允许所有用户访问首页 与 登录    .antMatchers("/","/auth/login").permitAll()    //其它任何请求都要经过认证通过    .anyRequest().authenticated()    //用户页面需要用户权限    .antMatchers("/userpage").hasAnyRole("USER")    .and()    //设置登出    .logout().permitAll();  //添加JWT filter 在  http    .addFilterBefore(genericFilterBean(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class); } @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {  return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); } @Bean public GenericFilterBean genericFilterBean() {  return new JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(); }}

编写用于测试的Controller

@RestControllerpublic class UserController { @PostMapping("/login") public String login() {  return "login"; } @GetMapping("/") public String index() {  return "hello"; } @GetMapping("/userpage") public String httpApi() {  System.out.println(SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication().getPrincipal());  return "userpage"; } @GetMapping("/adminpage") public String httpSuite() {  return "userpage"; }}

案例源码下载

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