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servlet转发、包含详解(七)

2024-07-13 10:12:27
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本文为大家介绍了servlet转发、servlet包含,供大家参考,具体内容如下

1.什么是servlet转发?

  servlet将用户的请求通过一组servlet来处理,每个servlet都有自己特定的职责,当该servlet完成自己的工作后将请求转发到下一个servlet来处理,这种通过不同servelet相互转发请求来完成对某个请求的处理过程就叫做servlet转发。

2.什么是servlet包含?

  servlet包含就是源servlet将其他web组件(servlet,html,jsp),生成的结果包含到自己的结果中。

3.为什么需要servlet转发和包含?

  servlet对象是由Servlet容器创建,Servlet对象的Service()方法是由servlet容器调用,servlet之间是不允许相互调用(servlet API 2.1以前版本可以)。但是我们又需要通过多个servlet组件协调完成任务,同时方便代码维护管理,提高开发效率。这样就可以需要servlet转发和包含的技术支持。

4、转发和包含的相同点

  (1)都是对同一个请求对象处理,源组件和目标组件共享同一个ServletRequest对象和ServletResponse对象。

  (2)目标组件都可以是servlet,jsp,html。

  (3)都依赖javax,servlet.RequestDispatcher 接口。

5.RequestDIspatcher 对象

  该接口表示请求分发器

  (1)获取RequestDispatcher对象方法

    调用ServletContext的getRequestDispather(String path)方法获得。

    调用ServletRequest的getRequestDispather(String path)方法获得。

  (2)两种方法的区别

    ServletContext调用方法的参数必须为绝对路径,而ServletRequest调用方法参数可以是绝对路径也可以是相对路径。

6.请求转发案例

CheckServlet 类用于处理用户请求参数。

package com.learn;import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;/** * Created by Administrator on 2017/09/26. */public class CheckServlet extends HttpServlet{  @Override  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {    String userName = req.getParameter("name");    String message = "";    if(userName == null){      message = "please input your name";    } else {      message = userName;    }    req.setAttribute("mess",message);    RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/out");    PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();    out.print("before forward ");    System.out.println("before forward");    requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);    out.print("after forward");    System.out.println("after forward");    out.close();  }}

OutServlet  用于输出处理结果

package com.learn;import org.json.HTTP;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;/** * Created by Administrator on 2017/09/26. */public class OutServlet extends HttpServlet {  @Override  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {    String message = (String) req.getAttribute("mess");    PrintWriter printWriter = resp.getWriter();    printWriter.print(message);    printWriter.close();  }}

注意:   1.在转发之前不要提交响应结果。

    2.转发过程中,源组件的响应结果不会返回,只会返回目标组件的响应结果。 

web.xml配置

 <servlet>    <servlet-name>check</servlet-name>    <servlet-class>com.learn.CheckServlet</servlet-class>  </servlet>  <servlet-mapping>    <servlet-name>check</servlet-name>    <url-pattern>/check</url-pattern>  </servlet-mapping>    <servlet>    <servlet-name>out</servlet-name>    <servlet-class>com.learn.OutServlet</servlet-class>  </servlet>  <servlet-mapping>    <servlet-name>out</servlet-name>    <url-pattern>/out</url-pattern>  </servlet-mapping>

7.包含(include)案例 

MainServlet  用于包含其他组件,并返回响应结果

package com.learn;import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;import javax.servlet.Servlet;import javax.servlet.ServletContext;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;/** * Created by Administrator on 2017/09/26. */public class MainServlet extends HttpServlet {  @Override  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {    resp.setContentType("text/html");    PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();    out.println("<html><head><title>mainServlet</title></head>");    out.println("<body>");    ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();    RequestDispatcher headDisPatcher = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/header.html");    RequestDispatcher greetDisPatcher = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/greet");    RequestDispatcher footeDisPatcher = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/footer.html");    headDisPatcher.include(req,resp);    greetDisPatcher.include(req,resp);    footeDisPatcher.include(req,resp);    out.print("</body></html>");    out.close();  }}

header.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>header</title></head><body><font size="6">Welcome to ab</font></body></html>

GreetServlet

package com.learn;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;/** * Created by Administrator on 2017/09/26. */public class GreetServlet extends HttpServlet {  @Override  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {    PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();    out.print("hi! "+req.getParameter("name")+", <p>");    out.close();  }}

footer.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>footer</title></head><body><span>Thanks for stopping</span></body></html>

web.xm配置

 <servlet>  <servlet-name>main</servlet-name>  <servlet-class>com.learn.MainServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping>  <servlet-name>main</servlet-name>  <url-pattern>/main</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet>  <servlet-name>greet</servlet-name>  <servlet-class>com.learn.GreetServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping>  <servlet-name>greet</servlet-name>  <url-pattern>/greet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持VeVb武林网。


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