Java中常用加密/解密方法详解

2024-07-13 10:04:13

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安全问题已经成为一个越来越重要的问题，在Java中如何对重要数据进行加密解密是本文的主要内容。

一、常用的加密/解密算法

1.Base64

严格来说Base64并不是一种加密/解密算法，而是一种编码方式。Base64不生成密钥，通过Base64编码后的密文就可以直接“翻译”为明文，但是可以通过向明文中添加混淆字符来达到加密的效果。

2.DES

DES是一种基于56位密钥的对称算法，1976年被美国联邦政府的国家标准局确定为联邦资料处理标准（FIPS），随后在国际上广泛流传开来。现在DES已经不是一种安全的加密算法，已被公开破解，现在DES已经被高级加密标准（AES）所代替。

3.3DES

3DES是DES的一种派生算法，主要提升了DES的一些实用所需的安全性。

4.AES

AES是现在对称加密算法中最流行的算法之一。

二、实现所需的一些库

为了实现上述的算法，我们可以实用JDK自带的实现，也可以使用一些开源的第三方库，例如Bouncy Castle（https://www.bouncycastle.org/）和comnons codec（https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/）。

三、具体实现

1.Base64

package com.tancky.security;import java.io.IOException;import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;public class Base64Demo { private static String src = "TestBase64"; public static void main(String[] args) { Base64Demo.jdkBase64(); Base64Demo.commonsCodecBase64 (); Base64Demo.bouncyCastleBase64 (); } //使用JDK的base64实现， public static void jdkBase64 (){ BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder(); String encode = encoder.encode(Base64Demo.src.getBytes()); System.out.println("encode: " + encode); BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder(); try {  String decode = new String ( decoder.decodeBuffer(encode));  System.out.println("decode: " + decode); } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); }  } //使用apache的commonsCodec实现 public static void commonsCodecBase64 (){ byte[] encodeBytes = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.encodeBase64(Base64Demo.src.getBytes()); String encode = new String (encodeBytes); System.out.println("encode: " + encode); byte[] decodeBytes = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.decodeBase64(encode); String decode = new String(decodeBytes); System.out.println("decode: " + decode); } //使用bouncyCastlede实现 public static void bouncyCastleBase64 () { byte[] encodeBytes = org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Base64.encode(Base64Demo.src.getBytes()) ; String encode = new String (encodeBytes); System.out.println("encode: " + encode); byte[] decodeBytes = org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Base64.decode(encode); String decode = new String(decodeBytes); System.out.println("decode: " + decode); }}

2.DES

package com.tancky.security;import java.security.InvalidKeyException;import java.security.Key;import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;import java.security.Security;import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;import javax.crypto.Cipher;import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;import javax.crypto.SecretKey;import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;import javax.crypto.spec.DESKeySpec;import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;public class DESDemo { private static String src = "TestDES"; public static void jdkDES () { try {  //生成密钥Key  KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");  keyGenerator.init(56);  SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();  byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();  //KEY转换  DESKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESKeySpec(bytesKey);  SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");  Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);  //加密  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);  byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(DESDemo.src.getBytes());  System.out.println("DESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));  //解密  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);  byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);  System.out.println("DESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult)); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BadPaddingException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void bcDES (){ try {  //使用BouncyCastle 的DES加密  Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());  //生成密钥Key  KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES","BC");  keyGenerator.init(56);  SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();  byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();  //KEY转换  DESKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESKeySpec(bytesKey);  SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");  Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);  //加密  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);  byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(DESDemo.src.getBytes());  System.out.println("DESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));  //解密  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);  byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);  System.out.println("DESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult)); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BadPaddingException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { DESDemo.jdkDES (); DESDemo.bcDES(); }}

3.3DES

package com.tancky.security;import java.security.InvalidKeyException;import java.security.Key;import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;import java.security.Security;import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;import javax.crypto.Cipher;import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;import javax.crypto.SecretKey;import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;import javax.crypto.spec.DESedeKeySpec;import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;public class TripleDESDemo { private static String src = "TestTripleDES"; public static void jdkTripleDES () { try {  //生成密钥Key  KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede");  keyGenerator.init(168);  SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();  byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();  //KEY转换  DESedeKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESedeKeySpec(bytesKey);  SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");  Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);  //加密  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding");  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);  byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(TripleDESDemo.src.getBytes());  System.out.println("TripleDESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));  //解密  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);  byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);  System.out.println("TripleDESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult)); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BadPaddingException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } }public static void bcTripleDES () { try {  Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());  //生成密钥Key  KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede","BC");  keyGenerator.getProvider();  keyGenerator.init(168);  SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();  byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();  //KEY转换  DESedeKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESedeKeySpec(bytesKey);  SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");  Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);  //加密  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding");  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);  byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(TripleDESDemo.src.getBytes());  System.out.println("TripleDESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));  //解密  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);  byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);  System.out.println("TripleDESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult)); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BadPaddingException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { jdkTripleDES (); bcTripleDES (); }}

4.AES

package com.tancky.security;import java.security.InvalidKeyException;import java.security.Key;import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;import java.security.SecureRandom;import java.security.Security;import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;import javax.crypto.Cipher;import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;import javax.crypto.SecretKey;import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;public class AESDemo { private static String src = "TestAES"; public static void jdkAES (){ try {  //生成Key  KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");  keyGenerator.init(128);   //keyGenerator.init(128, new SecureRandom("seedseedseed".getBytes()));   //使用上面这种初始化方法可以特定种子来生成密钥，这样加密后的密文是唯一固定的。  SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();  byte[] keyBytes = secretKey.getEncoded();  //Key转换  Key key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");  //加密  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);  byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(AESDemo.src.getBytes());  System.out.println("AESencode : " + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult) );  //解密  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);  byte[] decodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);  System.out.println("AESdecode : " + new String (decodeResult)); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BadPaddingException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void bcAES (){ try {  //使用BouncyCastle 的DES加密  Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());  //生成Key  KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES","BC");  keyGenerator.getProvider();  keyGenerator.init(128);   SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();  byte[] keyBytes = secretKey.getEncoded();  //Key转换  Key key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");  //加密  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);  byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(AESDemo.src.getBytes());  System.out.println("AESencode : " + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult) );  //解密  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);  byte[] decodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);  System.out.println("AESdecode : " + new String (decodeResult)); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BadPaddingException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {  // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块  e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { jdkAES(); bcAES(); }}

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