Docker -- 2 -- 利用docker部署网站和数据库

2024-06-28 16:03:22

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在Docker – 系统整洁之道 – 1中已经对Docker的一些命令和Docker镜像的使用及操作做了记录。这次就利用docker进行一次真正的实例使用，使用docker搭建一个简单的答题系统，这个系统是当时做来给网络安全周做手机答题的系统，很简单，代码风格很差。

这篇主要记录了三种docker使用的方式。

用supervisor方式运行一个多进程的docker实例创建一个ngnix和php运行的环境创建一个ngnix，php，MySQL集合运行的环境，使用docker-compose构建

{% fi /images/201609/4.svg, Docker, Docker %}

感觉docker的东西越看越多，从刚开始的简简单单的一个docker run，到现在看到要build自己的镜像，compose,也就是以前的Fig，配置网络，还有swarm的docker集群，一点一点来吧。

先把两个附件写在这里吧此片博客中构建php+ngnix+mysql测试环境的脚本在测试环境中的答题网站源码

supervisor方式运行一个多进程的docker实例

Docker 容器在启动的时候开启单个进程，比如，一个 ssh 或者 apache 的 daemon 服务。但我们经常需要在一个机器上开启多个服务，这可以有很多方法，最简单的就是把多个启动命令放到一个启动脚本里面，启动的时候直接启动这个脚本，另外就是安装进程管理工具。这里使用进程管理工具 supervisor 来管理容器中的多个进程。使用 Supervisor 可以更好的控制、管理、重启我们希望运行的进程。

首先创一个文件夹叫做supervisor,目录结构为

~/Docker tree supervisorsupervisor├── Dockerfile└── supervisord

其中文件Dockerfile文件内容为：

#使用时哪个镜像FROM Ubuntu:13.04MAINTAINER examples@docker.comRUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu PRecise main universe" > /etc/apt/sources.listRUN apt-get updateRUN apt-get upgrade -y#这里安装 3 个软件，还创建了 2 个 ssh 和 supervisor 服务正常运行所需要的目录。RUN apt-get install -y --force-yes perl-base=5.14.2-6ubuntu2RUN apt-get install -y apache2.2-commonRUN apt-get install -y openssh-server apache2 supervisorRUN mkdir -p /var/run/sshdRUN mkdir -p /var/log/supervisor#添加 supervisord 的配置文件，并复制配置文件到对应目录下面。COPY supervisord.conf /etc/supervisor/conf.d/supervisord.conf#映射了 22 和 80 端口，使用 supervisord 的可执行路径启动服务EXPOSE 22 80CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord"]

文件supervisord内容为：

#supervsord 配置软件本身，使用 nodaemon 参数来运行[supervisord]nodaemon=true#配置两个服务[program:sshd]command=/usr/sbin/sshd -D[program:apache2]command=/bin/bash -c "source /etc/apache2/envvars && exec /usr/sbin/apache2 -DFOREGROUND"

使用命令进行构建

sudo docker build -t supervisor

输出：

~/Docker/supervisor sudo docker build -t supervisord .PassWord:Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.584 kBStep 1 : FROM ubuntu:13.04---> a58cd502f927Step 2 : MAINTAINER examples@docker.com---> Using cache---> 15f104cdeb77Step 3 : RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe" > /etc/apt/sources.list---> Using cache---> c6bb44d794eaStep 4 : RUN apt-get update---> Using cache---> adcd83eecb0dStep 5 : RUN apt-get upgrade -y---> Using cache---> 89e045811261Step 6 : RUN apt-get install -y --force-yes perl-base=5.14.2-6ubuntu2---> Using cache---> bcdc472cc73aStep 7 : RUN apt-get install -y apache2.2-common---> Using cache---> d8991f8aa3c6Step 8 : RUN apt-get install -y openssh-server apache2 supervisor---> Using cache---> a713034800d6Step 9 : RUN mkdir -p /var/run/sshd---> Using cache---> 3138e3644958Step 10 : RUN mkdir -p /var/log/supervisor---> Using cache---> 958c08978b0cStep 11 : COPY supervisord.conf /etc/supervisor/conf.d/supervisord.conf---> 8e9a0c97a133Removing intermediate container d95b58057f73Step 12 : EXPOSE 22 80---> Running in 9cabb0865159---> b4aa8b82cd57Removing intermediate container 9cabb0865159Step 13 : CMD /usr/bin/supervisord---> Running in 237f71166211---> 569f95736129Removing intermediate container 237f71166211Successfully built 569f95736129

使用docker ps 一下

~/Docker/supervisor docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESc82c830770bc supervisord:latest "/usr/bin/supervisord" 32 seconds ago Up 30 seconds 0.0.0.0:32770->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp supervisord

发现刚才build的镜像已经跑起来了，访问 http://127.0.0.1:32769，可以web服务已经跑起来了。

这里写图片描述

使用命令docker exec进入container里面看看

~/Docker/supervisor docker exec -it c82c830770bc bashroot@c82c830770bc:/# hellobash: hello: command not foundroot@c82c830770bc:/# lsbin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr varroot@c82c830770bc:/#

使用passwd修改一下密码，然后在本机的命令行里进行ssh连接吧。

ngnix和php运行的环境

该方法就是直接使用docker命令进行构建一个ngnix,php结合运行的环境，没有使用docker-compose。

先用户根目录~下创建目录，并将该目录设置为Docker的共享目录。

Workspace└── tmp ├── docker │ └── nginx │ └── conf.d │ └── default.conf └── www ├── index.html └── phpinfo.php

其中default.conf文件内容，这是个nginx的配置文件

server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.html index.htm; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } location ~ /.php$ { fastcgi_pass php:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRipT_FILENAME /var/www/html/$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }}

index.html 里写一句 HelloW0rld，phpinfo.php里面写一个<?php phpinfo();?>。

然后在命令行下执行命令

docker pull php:5.6-fpm-alpinedocker pull ngnix:1.10.2docker run --name dream.php -d -v ~/Workspace/tmp/www:/var/www/html:ro php:5.6-fpmdocker run --name dream.nginx -p 80:80 -d -v ~/Workspace/tmp/www:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro -v ~/Workspace/tmp/docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro --link dream.php:php nginx:1.10.2

好的，如果不出意外，就可以看到phpinfo的界面了。这个是没有添加mysql的测试环境，直接在目录~/Workspace/tmp/www下面放网页就可以直接使用了。

ngnix，php，mysql集合运行的环境

Supervisor给出了一种能够在container中运行多个线程的方法，但是现在还是不知道要怎么样把自己的web服务部署到container中，数据库怎么建，可以有人会说直接使用SFTP将网站直接传到container里，安装数据库，配环境，但是docker中一旦container被删除，内容就没了。像这样将所有服务放在一个容器内的模式有个形象的非官方称呼：Fat Container。与之相对的是将服务分拆到容器的模式。从Docker的设计可以看到，构建镜像的过程中可以指定唯一一个容器启动的指令，因此Docker天然适合一个容器只运行一种服务，而这也是官方更推崇的。下面就记录一下部署一个简单的php程序和数据库联动的测试环境。

整体的文件结构是这样的我们创建一个这样的目录

Docker└── test ├── data 数据库文件夹 │ └── mysql ├── docker-compose.yml docker-compose配置文件 ├── htdocs 网站文件夹 │ ├── index.html │ └── index.php ├── log 日志文件 │ └── nginx ├── mysql mysql构建文件 │ └── Dockerfile ├── nginx nginx构建文件 │ ├── Dockerfile │ ├── conf.d │ │ └── default.conf │ └── nginx.conf └── php php构建文件 └── Dockerfile

mysql 独立部署

mysql目录下的Dockerfile文件只有一行FROM mysql:5.6，也就是直接使用mysql官方镜像5.6，然后使用命令

docker build -t phpenv/mysql mysql

构建自己的镜像phpenv/mysql。使用命令

docker run -p 3306:3306 -v ~/Docker/test/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -it phpenv/mysql

启动镜像，将容器的3306端口绑定到本机的3306端口，其中参数-v后代表使用~/Docker/test/data/mysql挂在到镜像的/var/lib/mysql，也就是替代源镜像的数据库文件目录，让数据库文件目录暴露在本机上，做到数据库内容的持久化。MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD为设置mysql的一个root密码。

运行结果

~/Docker/test docker run -p 3306:3306 -v ~/Docker/test/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -it phpenv/mysql2016-12-27 15:06:49 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.6.35) starting as process 1 ...2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Warning] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /var/lib/mysql/ is case insensitive2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.82016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.35 started; log sequence number 16260272016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 33062016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] IPv6 is available.2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@bd69eb248839' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.Version: '5.6.35' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

使用DBeaver连接后这里写图片描述

查看一下当前~/Docker/test/data/mysql数据库目录下的文件

~/Docker/test/data/mysql lsauto.cnf ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 ibdata1 mysql performance_schema

新建一个库docker_test后~/Docker/test/data/mysql数据库目录下的文件

~/Docker/test/data/mysql lsauto.cnf docker_test ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 ibdata1 mysql performance_schema

可以发现数据库已经创建好了，也如下图这里写图片描述

为了验证数据库数据的持久型，我们先停止当前运行的container并产出它，然后从镜像启动一个新的container，如命令

~/Docker ⮀ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES970dec0f7de9 phpenv/mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 30 minutes ago Up 30 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp berserk_brown~/Docker ⮀ docker stop 970dec0f7de9970dec0f7de9~/Docker ⮀ docker rm 970dec0f7de9970dec0f7de9~/Docker ⮀ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESc82c830770bc supervisord:latest "/usr/bin/supervisord" 35 hours ago Exited (0) 32 minutes ago supervisord~/Docker ⮀ docker run -p 3306:3306 -v ~/Docker/test/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -it phpenv/mysql2016-12-27 15:38:04 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.6.35) starting as process 1 ...2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Warning] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /var/lib/mysql/ is case insensitive2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.82016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.35 started; log sequence number 16260372016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 33062016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] IPv6 is available.2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@bd69eb248839' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.Version: '5.6.35' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

再次连接数据库验证，发现刚才新建的库docker_test还在，数据库文件持久型保存了。

docker-compose 中mysql配置

待完善

docker-compose 中nginx部署

nginx在构建的时候要替换两个配置文件，Dockfile

FROM nginx:1.10.2ADD nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.confADD conf.d/* /etc/nginx/conf.d/

挂载文件在docker-compose里进行定义。

待完善

docker-compose 中php配置

php什么也不做，只通过Dockfile

FROM php:5.6-fpm

来构建

待完善

docker-compose 构建

docker-compose文件

nginx: build: ./nginx ports: - "40080:80" links: - "php" volumes: - ~/Docker/test/htdocs:/usr/share/nginx/htmlphp: build: ./php ports: - "49000:9000" links: - "mysql" volumes: - ~/Docker/test/htdocs:/var/www/htmlmysql: build: ./mysql ports: - "43306:3306" volumes: - ~/Docker/test/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456

记录一下，首先docker-compse是用来集合构建多个镜像的工具，这里我们集合了nginx，php，mysql来搭建一个php的测试环境，在文件中，有一个links参数，是用来连接其他实例，让多个实例之间可以进行通信。

这里有整合文件的下载链接,下载后，将文件放在用户根目录下，命令行执行docker-compose up，结果

~/Docker/test ⮀ docker-compose upBuilding mysqlStep 1 : FROM mysql:5.6---> e1406e1f7c42Successfully built e1406e1f7c42WARNING: Image for service mysql was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.Building phpStep 1 : FROM php:5.6-fpm5.6-fpm: Pulling from library/php75a822cd7888: Already existse4d8a4e038be: Pull complete81d4d961577a: Pull complete54283fea14a4: Pull completea1b82ddb6e57: Pull completefe532c795718: Pull completef02389f3f13e: Pull complete5777f6cf03c5: Pull complete24b45111f193: Pull completeDigest: sha256:022410892774f45ebd39bdb4df39a4a72e6ae5db96a31ee83e7eb25382cd2491Status: Downloaded newer image for php:5.6-fpm---> 55423bcf0cfcSuccessfully built 55423bcf0cfcWARNING: Image for service php was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.Building nginxStep 1 : FROM nginx:1.10.2---> c2d83d8cde8dStep 2 : ADD nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf---> e45c0dceafb9Removing intermediate container ca538d0f2fd1Step 3 : ADD conf.d/* /etc/nginx/conf.d/---> bf0d37221331Removing intermediate container ebaa3b27453aSuccessfully built bf0d37221331WARNING: Image for service nginx was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.Creating test_mysql_1Creating test_php_1Creating test_nginx_1Attaching to test_mysql_1, test_php_1, test_nginx_1mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.6.35) starting as process 1 ...mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Warning] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /var/lib/mysql/ is case insensitivemysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pagesmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabledmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtinsmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not usedmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.8mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIOmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructionsmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0Mmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer poolmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.php_1 | [28-Dec-2016 07:29:43] NOTICE: fpm is running, pid 1mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.php_1 | [28-Dec-2016 07:29:43] NOTICE: ready to handle connectionsmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to startmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.35 started; log sequence number 1626263mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] IPv6 is available.mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@bd69eb248839' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 eventsmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.mysql_1 | Version: '5.6.35' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

访问一下 http://localhost:40080/index.php ，正常的话，如下图

这里写图片描述