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gcc都做了什么优化

2024-06-28 13:26:43
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gcc都做了什么优化

直接上程序:

setjmp和longjmp是处理函数嵌套调用的,goto语句不能跨越函数,所以不选择goto。

#include <setjmp.h>int setjmp(jmp_buf env); //返回值:若第一次直接调用则直接返回0,若从longjmp调用则返回下面的valvoid longjmp(jmp_buf env, int val);

对程序进行不带优化编译:

[henry@localhost c]$ gcc -g youhua.c -o youhua

对程序进行带优化的编译:

[henry@localhost c]$ gcc -g -O youhua.c -o youhua_after

对比上面结果可以看到,全局、静态、volatile变量不受优化的影响。

  • 不进行优化时,上面定义的5个变量包括register变量都直接从内存中取值。
  • 进行优化后,register变量和局部变量gcc都是从寄存器中取的值。

gcc都做了什么优化呢?首先可以看到变量从内存取值优化到从寄存器取值。一下是manual的部分翻译。

gcc有几个优化等级:

O0,O1,O2,O3

-O0表示没有优化,-O1为缺省值,-O3优化级别最高

'-O ' '-O1 '                 Optimize.      Optimizing   compilation   takes   somewhat   more   time,   and   a                   lot   more   memory   for   a   large   function.                   With   `-O ',   the   compiler   tries   to   reduce   code   size   and   execution                   time,   without   performing   any   optimizations   that   take   a   great   deal     ##编译器试着减少代码段的大小和代码执行时间,如果没有执行一些                 of   compilation   time.                                                                  优化结果将花费大量编译时间。                  `-O '   turns   on   the   following   optimization   flags:                                -fdefer-pop    延迟到必要时在函数栈种pop参数                               -fdelayed-branch                                   -fguess-branch-PRobability                                   -fcprop-registers                                   -floop-optimize                                   -fif-conversion                                   -fif-conversion2                                   -ftree-ccp                                   -ftree-dce                                   -ftree-dominator-opts                                   -ftree-dse                                   -ftree-ter                                   -ftree-lrs                                   -ftree-sra                                   -ftree-copyrename                                   -ftree-fre                                   -ftree-ch                                   -funit-at-a-time                                   -fmerge-constants                   `-O '   also   turns   on   `-fomit-frame-pointer '   on   machines   where   doing       ## ’-O‘也打开-fomit-frame-pointer标志当机器                    so does not interfere with debugging.                                                  这样做不会影响干涉调试。         `-O ' doesn 't turn on `-ftree-sra ' for the Ada compiler. This 
          option must be explicitly specified on the command line to be enabled for the Ada compiler.`-O2 '
`-O2 'Optimize even more. GCC performs nearly all supported optimizations that do not involve a space-speed tradeoff.The compiler does not perform loop unrolling or function inlining when you specify `-O2 '.As compared to `-O ',this option increases both compilation time and the performance of the generated code.进一步的优化。GCC会支持所有不涉及时间空间交换的所有支持的优化选项。当你加入-o2选项时,编译器不会进行循环展开和函数内联。与-O选项相比,这个选项会增加编辑时间和合成码的性能。 `-O2' turns on all optimization flags specified by `-O'. It also turns on the following optimization flags: -fthread-jumps -fcrossjumping -foptimize-sibling-calls -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks -fgcse -fgcse-lm -fexpensive-optimizations -fstrength-reduce -frerun-cse-after-loop -frerun-loop-opt -fcaller-saves -fpeephole2 -fschedule-insns -fschedule-insns2 -fsched-interblock -fsched-spec -fregmove -fstrict-aliasing -fdelete-null-pointer-checks -freorder-blocks -freorder-functions -falign-functions -falign-jumps -falign-loops -falign-labels -ftree-vrp -ftree-pre Please note the warning under `-fgcse' about invoking `-O2' on programs that use computed gotos. `-O3' Optimize yet more.`-O3 ' turns on all optimizations specified by `-O2' and also turns on the `-finline-functions ',`-funswitch-loops' and `-fgcse-after-reload' options. 再一次的优化,-O3选项会添加所有-O2中添加的选项,并且添加`-finline-functions ',`-funswitch-loops' and `-fgcse-after-reload' 这三个选项 `-O0' Do not optimize.This is the default. -Os相当于-O2.5。是使用了所有-O2的优化选项,但又不缩减代码尺寸的方法。 详细的说明如下:Level 2.5 (-Os)The special optimization level (-Os or size) enables all -O2 optimizations that do not increase code size; it puts the emphasis on size over speed. This includes all second-level optimizations, except for the alignment optimizations. The alignment optimizations skip space to align functions, loops, jumps and labels to an address that is a multiple of a power of two, in an architecture-dependent manner. Skipping to these boundaries can increase performance as well as the size of the resulting code and data spaces; therefore, these particular optimizations are disabled. The size optimization level is enabled as: -Os这个特殊的优化等级,能够实现-O2的全部不增加代码段大小优化,他强调程序的大小而不是程序的运行速度,他包含了所有第二等级的优化,除了对齐优化,这些对齐优化在体系结构的依赖性的程序中,跳过一些线性结构,循环,跳转和标签的空间,到一个指数为2的多项式和的地址。跳过这些界限可以提高性能,以及由此产生的代码和数据空间的大小,因此,这些特定的优化被禁用。

完!

参考:·[1]

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