ubuntu笔记

Ubuntu软件源的修改比较简单，一种方法是直接修改软件软列表：只需要把所需的软件源添加到或直接替换原来的系统源列表就可以，列表文件就是/etc/apt/sources.list。在终端执行以下命令：

#进入所在目录：cd /etc/apt/#备份源列表：sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak#编辑源列表：sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

如果希望把某一个软件源添加到列表，则只需要一个命令就好，比如在Ubuntu上安装搜狗输入法的时候，可能需要更新Fcitx，需要通过下面的命令添加其软件源：

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcitx-team/nightly

最后面的就是Fcitx的官方源了。

下面是一些国内比较好的源，请按照第一种方法添加。从以下各服务器列表内容中选择一段替换文件中的所有内容，也可以加在后面或前面，甚至可以添加多个。请根据自己网络环境设置更新服务器，以达到最快的速度。

　　在这里要说明一下，关于有些人使用下面的源后，更新软件列表时提示下面这样的错误：

W: Failed to fetch http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/restricted/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [ip: 202.141.160.110 80]W: Failed to fetch http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/universe/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 202.141.160.110 80]W: Failed to fetch http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 202.141.160.110 80]

　　原因在于选用的源已经停止支持，大家要注意软件源列表中的信息，每一个版本都有对应的软件源，比如deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ PRecise main restricted 是12.04的软件源，而deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ raring main universe restricted multiverse是13.04的软件源，建议大家尽量选用长期支持版的软件源，当然更建议大家使用长期支持版的系统。

　　如果下面的源和你的版本不匹配也没关系，把precise替换成相应的版本号就好，不过有些非长期支持版可能还是不能用，提示404错误，我也是突然发现我使用了13.04的源，而且网易和中科大的源都不能用了才发现这一点。

　　下面这个是网易的12.04的源。具体大家可以参考网易的手册：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/ubuntu.html

#网易163的源，ubuntu12.04，更新很快deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricteddeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricteddeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricteddeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricteddeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricteddeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricteddeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security multiversedeb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise maindeb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main

#中国科学技术大学，我一直用，真的很快deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiversedeb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports restricted universe multiversedeb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse

#台湾源deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiversedeb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiversedeb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricteddeb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricteddeb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricteddeb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted

#骨头源，骨头源是bones7456架设的一个Ubuntu源 ，提供ubuntu,deepin deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricteddeb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricteddeb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricteddeb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricteddeb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricteddeb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricteddeb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricteddeb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted

#mirror.lupaworld.com的源，速度很快deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

#ubuntu.cn99.com源（推荐）:deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiversedeb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

#电子科技大学 deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiversedeb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse

#北京理工大学 deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universedeb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universedeb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universedeb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universedeb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universedeb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universedeb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universedeb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universedeb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universedeb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

#上海交通大学 deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universedeb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universedeb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universedeb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universedeb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universedeb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universedeb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universedeb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universedeb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universedeb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

#兰州大学 deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universedeb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universedeb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universedeb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universedeb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe