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Zend Framework教程之动作的基类Zend_Controller_Action详解

2024-05-04 23:43:40
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这篇文章主要介绍了Zend Framework教程之动作的基类Zend_Controller_Action的用法,结合实例形式详细分析了动作的基类Zend_Controller_Action具体功能,使用方法与相关注意事项,需要的朋友可以参考下
 

本文实例讲述了Zend Framework教程之动作的基类Zend_Controller_Action。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

Zend_Controller_Action的实现

Zend Framework的动作控制器需要继承Zend_Controller_Action,Zend_Controller_Action提供了动作控制器的基本功能,具体参考如下代码:

Zend_Controller_Action_Interface

<?phpinterface Zend_Controller_Action_Interface{  /**   * Class constructor   *   * The request and response objects should be registered with the   * controller, as should be any additional optional arguments; these will be   * available via {@link getRequest()}, {@link getResponse()}, and   * {@link getInvokeArgs()}, respectively.   *   * When overriding the constructor, please consider this usage as a best   * practice and ensure that each is registered appropriately; the easiest   * way to do so is to simply call parent::__construct($request, $response,   * $invokeArgs).   *   * After the request, response, and invokeArgs are set, the   * {@link $_helper helper broker} is initialized.   *   * Finally, {@link init()} is called as the final action of   * instantiation, and may be safely overridden to perform initialization   * tasks; as a general rule, override {@link init()} instead of the   * constructor to customize an action controller's instantiation.   *   * @param Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request   * @param Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response   * @param array $invokeArgs Any additional invocation arguments   * @return void   */  public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request,                Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response,                array $invokeArgs = array());  /**   * Dispatch the requested action   *   * @param string $action Method name of action   * @return void   */  public function dispatch($action);}

Zend_Controller_Action

<?phprequire_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/HelperBroker.php';require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Interface.php';require_once 'Zend/Controller/Front.php';abstract class Zend_Controller_Action implements Zend_Controller_Action_Interface{  protected $_classMethods;  protected $_delimiters;  protected $_invokeArgs = array();  protected $_frontController;  protected $_request = null;  protected $_response = null;  public $viewSuffix = 'phtml';  public $view;  protected $_helper = null;  public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response, array $invokeArgs = array())  {    $this->setRequest($request)       ->setResponse($response)       ->_setInvokeArgs($invokeArgs);    $this->_helper = new Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker($this);    $this->init();  }  public function init()  {  }  public function initView()  {    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {      return $this->view;    }    require_once 'Zend/View/Interface.php';    if (isset($this->view) && ($this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface)) {      return $this->view;    }    $request = $this->getRequest();    $module = $request->getModuleName();    $dirs  = $this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory();    if (empty($module) || !isset($dirs[$module])) {      $module = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule();    }    $baseDir = dirname($dirs[$module]) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'views';    if (!file_exists($baseDir) || !is_dir($baseDir)) {      require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Missing base view directory ("' . $baseDir . '")');    }    require_once 'Zend/View.php';    $this->view = new Zend_View(array('basePath' => $baseDir));    return $this->view;  }  public function render($action = null, $name = null, $noController = false)  {    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {      return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->render($action, $name, $noController);    }    $view  = $this->initView();    $script = $this->getViewScript($action, $noController);    $this->getResponse()->appendBody(      $view->render($script),      $name    );  }  public function renderScript($script, $name = null)  {    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {      return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript($script, $name);    }    $view = $this->initView();    $this->getResponse()->appendBody(      $view->render($script),      $name    );  }  public function getViewScript($action = null, $noController = null)  {    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {      $viewRenderer = $this->_helper->getHelper('viewRenderer');      if (null !== $noController) {        $viewRenderer->setNoController($noController);      }      return $viewRenderer->getViewScript($action);    }    $request = $this->getRequest();    if (null === $action) {      $action = $request->getActionName();    } elseif (!is_string($action)) {      require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';      throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Invalid action specifier for view render');    }    if (null === $this->_delimiters) {      $dispatcher = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->getDispatcher();      $wordDelimiters = $dispatcher->getWordDelimiter();      $pathDelimiters = $dispatcher->getPathDelimiter();      $this->_delimiters = array_unique(array_merge($wordDelimiters, (array) $pathDelimiters));    }    $action = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $action);    $script = $action . '.' . $this->viewSuffix;    if (!$noController) {      $controller = $request->getControllerName();      $controller = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $controller);      $script = $controller . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $script;    }    return $script;  }  public function getRequest()  {    return $this->_request;  }  public function setRequest(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request)  {    $this->_request = $request;    return $this;  }  public function getResponse()  {    return $this->_response;  }  public function setResponse(Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response)  {    $this->_response = $response;    return $this;  }  protected function _setInvokeArgs(array $args = array())  {    $this->_invokeArgs = $args;    return $this;  }  public function getInvokeArgs()  {    return $this->_invokeArgs;  }  public function getInvokeArg($key)  {    if (isset($this->_invokeArgs[$key])) {      return $this->_invokeArgs[$key];    }    return null;  }  public function getHelper($helperName)  {    return $this->_helper->{$helperName};  }  public function getHelperCopy($helperName)  {    return clone $this->_helper->{$helperName};  }  public function setFrontController(Zend_Controller_Front $front)  {    $this->_frontController = $front;    return $this;  }  public function getFrontController()  {    // Used cache version if found    if (null !== $this->_frontController) {      return $this->_frontController;    }    // Grab singleton instance, if class has been loaded    if (class_exists('Zend_Controller_Front')) {      $this->_frontController = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance();      return $this->_frontController;    }    // Throw exception in all other cases    require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';    throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Front controller class has not been loaded');  }  public function preDispatch()  {  }  public function postDispatch()  {  }  public function __call($methodName, $args)  {    require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Exception.php';    if ('Action' == substr($methodName, -6)) {      $action = substr($methodName, 0, strlen($methodName) - 6);      throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Action "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $action), 404);    }    throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Method "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $methodName), 500);  }  public function dispatch($action)  {    // Notify helpers of action preDispatch state    $this->_helper->notifyPreDispatch();    $this->preDispatch();    if ($this->getRequest()->isDispatched()) {      if (null === $this->_classMethods) {        $this->_classMethods = get_class_methods($this);      }      // If pre-dispatch hooks introduced a redirect then stop dispatch      // @see ZF-7496      if (!($this->getResponse()->isRedirect())) {        // preDispatch() didn't change the action, so we can continue        if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions') || in_array($action, $this->_classMethods)) {          if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions')) {            trigger_error('Using case sensitive actions without word separators is deprecated; please do not rely on this "feature"');          }          $this->$action();        } else {          $this->__call($action, array());        }      }      $this->postDispatch();    }    // whats actually important here is that this action controller is    // shutting down, regardless of dispatching; notify the helpers of this    // state    $this->_helper->notifyPostDispatch();  }  public function run(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request = null, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response = null)  {    if (null !== $request) {      $this->setRequest($request);    } else {      $request = $this->getRequest();    }    if (null !== $response) {      $this->setResponse($response);    }    $action = $request->getActionName();    if (empty($action)) {      $action = 'index';    }    $action = $action . 'Action';    $request->setDispatched(true);    $this->dispatch($action);    return $this->getResponse();  }  protected function _getParam($paramName, $default = null)  {    $value = $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName);     if ((null === $value || '' === $value) && (null !== $default)) {      $value = $default;    }    return $value;  }  protected function _setParam($paramName, $value)  {    $this->getRequest()->setParam($paramName, $value);    return $this;  }  protected function _hasParam($paramName)  {    return null !== $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName);  }  protected function _getAllParams()  {    return $this->getRequest()->getParams();  }  final protected function _forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null)  {    $request = $this->getRequest();    if (null !== $params) {      $request->setParams($params);    }    if (null !== $controller) {      $request->setControllerName($controller);      // Module should only be reset if controller has been specified      if (null !== $module) {        $request->setModuleName($module);      }    }    $request->setActionName($action)        ->setDispatched(false);  }  protected function _redirect($url, array $options = array())  {    $this->_helper->redirector->gotoUrl($url, $options);  }}

Zend_Controller_Action提供了动作和视图的render功能,以及注册请求和响应对象,常用助手等等。

动作控制器的常用方法

在动作控制器中常用的方法和属性如下:

$this->_helper主要完成助手的相关操作例如:

// 只是局部控制器;当初始化加载时,对这个控制器的所有动作有效:$this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender(true);// 全局:$this->_helper->removeHelper('viewRenderer'); // 也是全局,但需要和本地版本协作,以便繁殖这个控制器:Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->setParam('noViewRenderer', true);

通过设置ViewRenderer的noRender标记,可以简单地为一个独立的视图禁止解析(rendering):

class FooController extends Zend_Controller_Action{  public function barAction()  {    // disable autorendering for this action only:    $this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender();  }}

禁止ViewRenderer的主要原因是如果你不需要视图对象或者如果你不通过视图脚本(例如,当使用动作控制器来司服网站服务协议如SOAP,XML-RPC或REST)来解析。大多数情况下,你不需要全局地禁止ViewRenderer,只选择性地在个别控制器或动作里禁止它。

请求对象和响应对象的相关操作

无数的对象和变量与对象一起注册,并且每个都有访问器方法。

请求对象:getRequest()可用来读取调用动作请求对象。

响应对象: getResponse()可用来读取收集最终响应的响应对象。一些典型的调用看起来象这样:

$this->getResponse()->setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/xml');$this->getResponse()->appendBody($content);

调用参数:前端控制器可能把参数传给路由器、派遣器和动作控制器。为了读取这些参数,可使用getInvokeArg($key);另外,用getInvokeArgs()读取整个参数列表。

请求参数:请求对象手机请求参数,如任何_GET 或 _POST 参数,或者指定在URL的路径信息里的用户参数。为了读取这些参数,可使用_getParam($key)或_getAllParams()。也可以用_setParam()来设置请求参数;当转发到另外的动作时这很有用。

用_hasParam($key)来测试是否一个参数存在(对逻辑分支有用)。

Note: _getParam()可带有一个可选的第二个参数,如果它不是空的,就包含一个缺省的值。用它在读取值之前来消除对_hasParam() 的调用:

// Use default value of 1 if id is not set$id = $this->_getParam('id', 1);// Instead of:if ($this->_hasParam('id') {  $id = $this->_getParam('id');} else {  $id = 1;}

视图的相关操作

Zend_Controller_Action为视图继承提供了一个初步的灵活的机制。有两个方法来完成这个:initView() 和 render();前者松散地加载$view public 属性,后者基于当前请求的动作来解析视图,它们使用目录层次来决定脚本路径。

视图初始化

initView()初始化视图对象。为了读取视图对象,render()调用initView(),但它可以在任何时候被初始化;缺省地,它用Zend_View对象来组装$view属性,但任何实现Zend_View_Interface的类可以使用。如果$view已经被初始化,它就简单地返回属性。

缺省的实现使用下面假设的目录结构:

applicationOrModule/
    controllers/
        IndexController.php
    views/
        scripts/
            index/
                index.phtml
        helpers/
        filters/

换句话说,视图脚本假定放在views/scripts/子目录,同时假定 views子目录还包含兄弟功能(助手和过滤器)。确定视图脚本名称和路径时,先以 views/scripts/作为基路径,然后加上以视图脚本对应控制器命名的目录。

解析(Rendering)视图

render() 有下列特征:has the following signature:

string render(string $action = null,       string $name = null,       bool $noController = false);

render()解析视图脚本。如果没有传递参数,它假定请求的脚本是[controller]/[action].phtml (.phtml是$viewSuffix属性的值)。为$action传递一个值将解析在[controller]子目录中的模板。为用[controller]重写,传递一个true值给$noController。最后,模板被解析到响应对象;如果你希望解析到一个在响应对象里指定的named segment,传递一个值给$name。

Note: 因为控制器和动作名字里可能包含分隔符如'_'、 '.' 和 '-',当决定视图名字时,render()把它们规格化成 '-'.在内部,它使用派遣器的字和路径分隔符来做规格化。这样,对/foo.bar/baz-bat的请求将解析脚本foo-bar/baz-bat.phtml。如果动作方法包含camelCasing,记住当决定视图脚本文件名的时候,这将变成由'-'分隔的字。

一些例子:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action{  public function fooAction()  {    // Renders my/foo.phtml    $this->render();    // Renders my/bar.phtml    $this->render('bar');    // Renders baz.phtml    $this->render('baz', null, true);    // Renders my/login.phtml to the 'form' segment of the    // response object    $this->render('login', 'form');    // Renders site.phtml to the 'page' segment of the response    // object; does not use the 'my/' subirectory    $this->render('site', 'page', true);  }  public function bazBatAction()  {    // Renders my/baz-bat.phtml    $this->render();  }}

其它

_forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null) :执行另外一个动作。如果在preDispatch()里调用,当前请求的动作将被跳过来支持新的动作。否则,在当前动作被处理之后,在_forward()请求的动作将被执行。

_redirect($url, array $options = array()):重定向到另外一个地方。这个方法用URL和一组可选的选项。缺省地,它执行HTTP 302 重定向。

选项可包括一个或多个下面这些:

exit:是否立即退出。如果被请求,它将干净地关闭任何打开的会话和执行重定向。

可以用setRedirectExit()访问器在控制器里全局地设置这个选项。

prependBase:是否预先考虑基础URL和URL提供的请求对象一起注册。

使用setRedirectPrependBase()访问器,在控制器里全局地设置这个选项。

code:在重定向时要用什么HTTP代码。缺省使用302;可以用从301到306之间的任何代码。

使用setRedirectCode()访问器,在控制器里全局地设置这个选项。

扩展自定义Zend_Controller_Action

为了创建动作控制器,设计上,Zend_Controller_Action 必须被继承。至少,需要定义控制器可能调用的动作方法。

除了为web应用程序创建有用的函数外,你可能发现在不同的控制器里重复同样的设置和实用方法;如果这样,创建一个继承(extends)Zend_Controller_Action 的基础类可能会解决问题。

Example #1 如何处理不存在的动作

如果控制器的请求包括一个未定义的动作方法,Zend_Controller_Action::__call()将被调用。__call()当然是PHP中用来重载方法的魔术方法。

缺省地,这个方法抛出一个Zend_Controller_Action_Exception 来表明在控制器里没有发现要求的方法。如果要求的方法以'Action'结尾,就假设一个动作被请求并且不存在;这样的错误导致带有代码为 404 的异常。所有其它方法导致带有代码为 500 的异常。这使你很容易地在错误句柄里区分是页面没有发现还是程序错误。

如果想执行其它操作,你应该重写这个函数。例如,如果你想显示错误信息,可以象下面这样来写:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action{  public function __call($method, $args)  {    if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) {      // If the action method was not found, render the error      // template      return $this->render('error');    }    // all other methods throw an exception    throw new Exception('Invalid method "'              . $method              . '" called',              500);  }}

另外的可能性就是你可能想转发到缺省控制页面:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action{  public function indexAction()  {    $this->render();  }  public function __call($method, $args)  {    if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) {      // If the action method was not found, forward to the      // index action      return $this->_forward('index');    }    // all other methods throw an exception    throw new Exception('Invalid method "'              . $method              . '" called',              500);  }}

为了定制控制器,除了重写__call()以外,本章前面说涉及的初始化、实用程序、访问器、视图和派遣钩子等方法都可以被重写。作为例子,如果把视图对象保存到注册表里,你可能想用象下面的代码来修改initView():

abstract class My_Base_Controller extends Zend_Controller_Action{  public function initView()  {    if (null === $this->view) {      if (Zend_Registry::isRegistered('view')) {        $this->view = Zend_Registry::get('view');      } else {        $this->view = new Zend_View();        $this->view->setBasePath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../views');      }    }    return $this->view;  }}


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