json是一种比较流行的数据交换格式之一,各大API网站均支持json。通过本篇文章给大家介绍php语言中使用json技巧以及php语言中json的实现,对php语言中使用json技巧及json的实现代码详解感兴趣的朋友一起来本文学习学习吧
目前,JSON已经成为最流行的数据交换格式之一,各大网站的API几乎都支持它。
我写过一篇《数据类型和JSON格式》,探讨它的设计思想。今天,我想总结一下PHP语言对它的支持,这是开发互联网应用程序(特别是编写API)必须了解的知识。
从5.2版本开始,PHP原生提供json_encode()和json_decode()函数,前者用于编码,后者用于解码。
一、json_encode()
该函数主要用来将数组和对象,转换为json格式。先看一个数组转换的例子:
- $arr = array ('a'=>1,'b'=>2,'c'=>3,'d'=>4,'e'=>5);
- echo json_encode($arr);
结果为
{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}
再看一个对象转换的例子:
- $obj->body = 'another post';
- $obj->id = 21;
- $obj->approved = true;
- $obj->favorite_count = 1;
- $obj->status = NULL;
- echo json_encode($obj);
结果为
- {
- "body":"another post",
- "id":21,
- "approved":true,
- "favorite_count":1,
- "status":null
- }
由于json只接受utf-8编码的字符,所以json_encode()的参数必须是utf-8编码,否则会得到空字符或者null。当中文使用GB2312编码,或者外文使用ISO-8859-1编码的时候,这一点要特别注意。
二、索引数组和关联数组
PHP支持两种数组,一种是只保存"值"(value)的索引数组(indexed array),另一种是保存"名值对"(name/value)的关联数组(associative array)。
由于javascript不支持关联数组,所以json_encode()只将索引数组(indexed array)转为数组格式,而将关联数组(associative array)转为对象格式。
比如,现在有一个索引数组
- $arr = Array('one', 'two', 'three');
- echo json_encode($arr);
结果为:
["one","two","three"]
如果将它改为关联数组:
- $arr = Array('1'=>'one', '2'=>'two', '3'=>'three');
- echo json_encode($arr);
结果就变了:
- {"1":"one","2":"two","3":"three"}
注意,数据格式从"[]"(数组)变成了"{}"(对象)。
如果你需要将"索引数组"强制转化成"对象",可以这样写
- json_encode( (object)$arr );
或者
- json_encode ( $arr, JSON_FORCE_OBJECT );
三、类(class)的转换
下面是一个PHP的类:
- class Foo {
- const ERROR_CODE = '404';
- public $public_ex = 'this is public';
- private $private_ex = 'this is private!';
- protected $protected_ex = 'this should be protected';
- public function getErrorCode() {
- return self::ERROR_CODE;
- }
- }
现在,对这个类的实例进行json转换:
- $foo = new Foo;
- $foo_json = json_encode($foo);
- echo $foo_json;
输出结果是
{"public_ex":"this is public"}
可以看到,除了公开变量(public),其他东西(常量、私有变量、方法等等)都遗失了。
四、json_decode()
该函数用于将json文本转换为相应的PHP数据结构。下面是一个例子:
- $json = '{"foo": 12345}';
- $obj = json_decode($json);
- print $obj->{'foo'}; // 12345
通常情况下,json_decode()总是返回一个PHP对象,而不是数组。比如:
- $json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}';
- var_dump(json_decode($json));
结果就是生成一个PHP对象:
- object(stdClass)#1 (5) {
- ["a"] => int(1)
- ["b"] => int(2)
- ["c"] => int(3)
- ["d"] => int(4)
- ["e"] => int(5)
- }
如果想要强制生成PHP关联数组,json_decode()需要加一个参数true:
- $json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}';
- var_dump(json_decode($json,true));
结果就生成了一个关联数组:
- array(5) {
- ["a"] => int(1)
- ["b"] => int(2)
- ["c"] => int(3)
- ["d"] => int(4)
- ["e"] => int(5)
- }
五、json_decode()的常见错误
下面三种json写法都是错的,你能看出错在哪里吗?
- $bad_json = "{ 'bar': 'baz' }";
- $bad_json = '{ bar: "baz" }';
- $bad_json = '{ "bar": "baz", }';
对这三个字符串执行json_decode()都将返回null,并且报错。
第一个的错误是,json的分隔符(delimiter)只允许使用双引号,不能使用单引号。第二个的错误是,json名值对的"名"(冒号左边的部分),任何情况下都必须使用双引号。第三个的错误是,最后一个值之后不能添加逗号(trailing comma)。
另外,json只能用来表示对象(object)和数组(array),如果对一个字符串或数值使用json_decode(),将会返回null。
- var_dump(json_decode("Hello World")); //null
下面给大家介绍哦php语言的json实现
由于开发一个ajax file manager for web开源项目,数据交换使用的json格式,后来发现在低版本的php上运行会有问题,仔细调试发现json_decode和json_encode无法正常工作,于是查阅资料,发现低版本的php没有实现这两个函数,为了兼容性,我只好自己实现一个php版的json编码解码代码,并保证和json2.js的一致,测试调试并通过,现在将其公布出来,供有相同需求的同学使用:
- <?php
- /* * ****************************************************************************
- * $base: $
- *
- * $Author: $
- * Berlin Qin
- *
- * $History: base.js $
- * Berlin Qin // created
- *
- * $contacted
- * webfmt@gmail.com
- * www.webfmt.com
- *
- * *************************************************************************** */
- /* ===========================================================================
- * license
- *
- * 、Open Source Licenses
- * webfmt is distributed under the GPL, LGPL and MPL open source licenses.
- * This triple copyleft licensing model avoids incompatibility with other open source licenses.
- * These Open Source licenses are specially indicated for:
- * Integrating webfmt into Open Source software;
- * Personal and educational use of webfmt;
- * Integrating webfmt in commercial software,
- * taking care of satisfying the Open Source licenses terms,
- * while not able or interested on supporting webfmt and its development.
- *
- * 、Commercial License – fbis source Closed Distribution License - CDL
- * For many companies and products, Open Source licenses are not an option.
- * This is why the fbis source Closed Distribution License (CDL) has been introduced.
- * It is a non-copyleft license which gives companies complete freedom
- * when integrating webfmt into their products and web sites.
- * This license offers a very flexible way to integrate webfmt in your commercial application.
- * These are the main advantages it offers over an Open Source license:
- * Modifications and enhancements doesn't need to be released under an Open Source license;
- * There is no need to distribute any Open Source license terms alongside with your product
- * and no reference to it have to be done;
- * No references to webfmt have to be done in any file distributed with your product;
- * The source code of webfmt doesn't have to be distributed alongside with your product;
- * You can remove any file from webfmt when integrating it with your product.
- * The CDL is a lifetime license valid for all releases of webfmt published during
- * and before the year following its purchase.
- * It's valid for webfmt releases also. It includes year of personal e-mail support.
- *
- * ************************************************************************************************************************************************* */
- function jsonDecode($json)
- {
- $result = array();
- try
- {
- if (PHP_VERSION_ID > )
- {
- $result = (array) json_decode($json);
- }
- else
- {
- $json = str_replace(array("////", "///""), array("&#;", "&#;"), $json);
- $parts = preg_split("@(/"[^/"]*/")|([/[/]/{/},:])|/s@is", $json, -, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY | PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
- foreach ($parts as $index => $part)
- {
- if (strlen($part) == )
- {
- switch ($part)
- {
- case "[":
- case "{":
- $parts[$index] = "array(";
- break;
- case "]":
- case "}":
- $parts[$index] = ")";
- break;
- case ":":
- $parts[$index] = "=>";
- break;
- case ",":
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- $json = str_replace(array("&#;", "&#;", "$"), array("////", "///"", "//$"), implode("", $parts));
- $result = eval("return $json;");
- }
- }
- catch (Exception $e)
- {
- $result = array("error" => $e->getCode());
- }
- return $result;
- }
- function valueTostr($val)
- {
- if (is_string($val))
- {
- $val = str_replace('/"', "///"", $val);
- $val = str_replace("//", "////", $val);
- $val = str_replace("/", "///", $val);
- $val = str_replace("/t", "//t", $val);
- $val = str_replace("/n", "//n", $val);
- $val = str_replace("/r", "//r", $val);
- $val = str_replace("/b", "//b", $val);
- $val = str_replace("/f", "//f", $val);
- return '"' . $val . '"';
- }
- elseif (is_int($val))
- return sprintf('%d', $val);
- elseif (is_float($val))
- return sprintf('%F', $val);
- elseif (is_bool($val))
- return ($val ? 'true' : 'false');
- else
- return 'null';
- }
- function jsonEncode($arr)
- {
- $result = "{}";
- try
- {
- if (PHP_VERSION_ID > )
- {
- $result = json_encode($arr);
- }
- else
- {
- $parts = array();
- $is_list = false;
- if (!is_array($arr))
- {
- $arr = (array) $arr;
- }
- $end = count($arr) - ;
- if (count($arr) > )
- {
- if (is_numeric(key($arr)))
- {
- $result = "[";
- for ($i = ; $i < count($arr); $i++)
- {
- if (is_array($arr[$i]))
- {
- $result = $result . jsonEncode($arr[$i]);
- }
- else
- {
- $result = $result . valueTostr($arr[$i]);
- }
- if ($i != $end)
- {
- $result = $result . ",";
- }
- }
- $result = $result . "]";
- }
- else
- {
- $result = "{";
- $i = ;
- foreach ($arr as $key => $value)
- {
- $result = $result . '"' . $key . '":';
- if (is_array($value))
- {
- $result = $result . jsonEncode($value);
- }
- else
- {
- $result = $result . valueTostr($value);
- }
- if ($i != $end)
- {
- $result = $result . ",";
- }
- $i++;
- }
- $result = $result . "}";
- }
- }
- else
- {
- $result = "[]";
- }
- }
- }
- catch (Exception $e)
- {
- }
- return $result;
- }
- ?>
如果使用过程有什么问题,可以给我email.欢迎大家指出错误!
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