Eloquent是Laravel的原始ActiveRecord是实现的,建立在Laravel的Fluent Query Builder之上的,所以Eloquent类和Fluent类是一样的,能实现复杂的SQL语句和非常直观表达出的表与表之间的关系
一个用户可能有多个文章,一个文章是某个用户书写的,这就是关系。同样文章中可能包含多个 TAG,而一个 TAG 可能关联多个文章。
在项目中,我们已经有了 User.php,也就是用户模型,查看一下,相当简单。我们希望直接使用 $user->articles() 的形式获取全部文章,让我们修改 user 模型:
- public function articles() {
- return $this->hasMany('App/Article');
- }
但是我们仅仅完成了关系中的一端,让我们来处理另一端。我们希望的形式是 $article->user() ,让我们修改 article 模型。
- public function user() {
- return $this->belongsTo('App/User');
- }
在我们的数据库中,文章模型没有用户的外键,我们需要设置,修改 create_article_table.php
- Schema::create('articles', function(Blueprint $table)
- {
- $table->increments('id');
- //指定外键列
- $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();
- $table->string('title');
- $table->text('body');
- $table->timestamp('published_at');
- $table->timestamps();
- //生成外键
- $table->foreign('user_id')
- ->references('id')
- ->on('users')
- ->onDelete('cascade');
- });
因为我们只是在开发阶段,还没有上线运行,我们可以直接修改数据库迁移文件,回滚然后迁移即可,但是如果上线运行的话,应该新建一个迁移。
- php artisan migrate:refresh
- #输出信息
- Rolled back: 2015_03_28_050138_create_article_table
- Rolled back: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table
- Rolled back: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table
- Nothing to rollback.
- Migrated: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table
- Migrated: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table
- Migrated: 2015_03_28_050138_create_article_table
- Migrated: 2015_03_28_051200_add_excerpt_to_articels_table
现在让我们使用 tinker 来创建一个用户。
- php artisan tinker
- Psy Shell v0.4.1 (PHP 5.4.16 — cli) by Justin Hileman
- #下面是执行过程
- >>> $user = new App/User;
- => <App/User #000000007f1ad61a000000006497cc4f> {}
- >>> $user->name = 'zhang jinglin';
- => "zhang jinglin"
- >>> $user->email = 'zjl@example.com';
- => "zjl@example.com"
- >>> $user->password = bcrypt('pass');
- => "$2y$10$Nbl2b9wqd.rXqKEsd3pRSOoIyFAFIhbqf71BufwDfS3Guv21SlEx2"
- >>> $user->save();
- => true
- >>> App/User::first()->toArray();
- => [
- "id" => "1",
- "name" => "zhang jinglin",
- "email" => "zjl@example.com",
- "created_at" => "2015-03-31 03:24:55",
- "updated_at" => "2015-03-31 03:24:55"
- ]
- >>>
现在我们需要新发布的文章和用户关联,我们暂时先修改 form_partial.blade.php 来隐藏一个用户id,只是暂时:
复制代码代码如下:
{{--临时处理--}}
{!! Form::hidden('user_id', 1) !!}
同时要修改模型的 $fillabel 属性,以便我们的 Mass Assisment。
- protected $fillable = [
- 'title',
- 'body',
- 'published_at',
- 'user_id' //临时设置
- ];
OK,添加一个文章。我们使用 tinker 来查看一下。
- php artisan tinker
- Psy Shell v0.4.1 (PHP 5.4.16 — cli) by Justin Hileman
- >>> App/Article::first()->toArray();
- => [
- "id" => "1",
- "user_id" => "1",
- "title" => "User 1 Article",
- "body" => "User 1 Body",
- "published_at" => "2015-03-31 08:00:00",
- "created_at" => "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
- "updated_at" => "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
- "excerpt" => null
- ]
- #获取用户
- >>> $user = App/User::first();
- => <App/User #0000000051cbb9d70000000073e11a3e> {
- id: "1",
- name: "zhang jinglin",
- email: "zjl@example.com",
- created_at: "2015-03-31 03:24:55",
- updated_at: "2015-03-31 03:24:55"
- }
- #获取用户文章
- >>> $user->articles()->toArray();
- BadMethodCallException with message 'Call to undefined method Illuminate/Database/Query/Builder::toArray()'
- >>> $user->articles->toArray();
- => [
- [
- "id" => "1",
- "user_id" => "1",
- "title" => "User 1 Article",
- "body" => "User 1 Body",
- "published_at" => "2015-03-31 08:00:00",
- "created_at" => "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
- "updated_at" => "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
- "excerpt" => null
- ]
- ]
- #为什么使用 $user->articles 而不是 #user->articles()?
- #事实上,$user->articles()返回的是关系,如果你想用 articles() 你需要这样用
- >>> $user->articles()->get()->toArray();
- => [
- [
- "id" => "1",
- "user_id" => "1",
- "title" => "User 1 Article",
- "body" => "User 1 Body",
- "published_at" => "2015-03-31 08:00:00",
- "created_at" => "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
- "updated_at" => "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
- "excerpt" => null
- ]
- ]
- #你只能使用 articles() 来进行下一步的工作,比如下面的查询
- $user->articles()->where('title', 'User 1 Article')->get();
- #我们也可以通过 article 获取 user
- >>> $article = App/Article::first();
- => <App/Article #0000000051cbb9d60000000073e11a3e> {
- id: "1",
- user_id: "1",
- title: "User 1 Article",
- body: "User 1 Body",
- published_at: "2015-03-31 08:00:00",
- created_at: "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
- updated_at: "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
- excerpt: null
- }
- >>> $article->user;
- => <App/User #0000000051cbb92d0000000073e11a3e> {
- id: "1",
- name: "zhang jinglin",
- email: "zjl@example.com",
- created_at: "2015-03-31 03:24:55",
- updated_at: "2015-03-31 03:24:55"
- }
- >>>
以上所述就是本文的全部内容了,希望大家能够喜欢。
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