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php并发加锁示例

2024-05-04 22:51:57
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在工作项目中,会遇到一些php并发访问去修改一个数据问题,如果这个数据不加锁,就会造成数据的错误。下面我将分析一个财务支付锁的问题。希望对大家有所帮助。

1 没有应用锁机制

1.1 财务支付简化版本代码

<!--?php /**  * pay.php  *  * 支付没有应用锁 *  * Copy right (c) 2016  *  * modification history:  * --------------------  * 2016/9/10, by CleverCode, Create  *  */ //用户支付function pay($userId,$money){   if(false == is_int($userId) || false == is_int($money)) {  return false; }    //取出总额 $total = getUserLeftMoney($userId);   //花费大于剩余 if($money --> $total) {  return false;  }   //余额 $left = $total - $money;   //更新余额 return setUserLeftMoney($userId,$left); } //取出用户的余额function getUserLeftMoney($userId){ if(false == is_int($userId)) {  return 0; } $sql = "select account form user_account where userid = ${userId}";   //$mysql = new mysql();//mysql数据库 return $mysql->query($sql);} //更新用户余额function setUserLeftMoney($userId,$money){ if(false == is_int($userId) || false == is_int($money)) {  return false; }     $sql = "update user_account set account = ${money} where userid = ${userId}";   //$mysql = new mysql();//mysql数据库 return $mysql->execute($sql);}?>

1.2 问题分析

如果有两个操作人(p和m),都用用户编号100账户,分别在pc和手机端同时登陆,100账户总余额有1000,p操作人花200,m操作人花300。并发过程如下。

p操作人:

    取出用户的余额1000。 支付后剩余 800 = 1000 - 200。 更新后账户余额800。

m操作人:

    取出用户余额1000。 支付后剩余700 = 1000 - 300。 支付后账户余额700。

两次支付后,账户的余额居然还有700,应该的情况是花费了500,账户余额500才对。造成这个现象的根本原因,是并发的时候,p和m同时操作取到的余额数据都是1000。

2 加锁设计

锁的操作一般只有两步,一 获取锁(getLock);二是释放锁(releaseLock)。但现实锁的方式有很多种,可以是文件方式实现;sql实现;Memcache实现;根据这种场景我们考虑使用策略模式。

2.1 类图设计如下

2.2 php源码设计如下

LockSystem.php

<!--?php /**  * LockSystem.php  *  * php锁机制 *  * Copy right (c) 2016 *  * modification history:  * --------------------  * 2016/9/10, by CleverCode, Create  *  */ class LockSystem{ const LOCK_TYPE_DB = 'SQLLock'; const LOCK_TYPE_FILE = 'FileLock'; const LOCK_TYPE_MEMCACHE = 'MemcacheLock';   private $_lock = null; private static $_supportLocks = array('FileLock', 'SQLLock', 'MemcacheLock');    public function __construct($type, $options = array())  {  if(false == empty($type))  {   $this--->createLock($type, $options);  } }  public function createLock($type, $options=array()) {  if (false == in_array($type, self::$_supportLocks))  {   throw new Exception("not support lock of ${type}");  }  $this->_lock = new $type($options); }   public function getLock($key, $timeout = ILock::EXPIRE) {  if (false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock)   {   throw new Exception('false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock');     }   $this->_lock->getLock($key, $timeout);  }   public function releaseLock($key) {  if (false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock)   {   throw new Exception('false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock');     }   $this->_lock->releaseLock($key);    } }interface ILock{ const EXPIRE = 5; public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE); public function releaseLock($key);} class FileLock implements ILock{ private $_fp; private $_single;  public function __construct($options) {  if (isset($options['path']) && is_dir($options['path']))  {   $this->_lockPath = $options['path'].'/';  }  else  {   $this->_lockPath = '/tmp/';  }    $this->_single = isset($options['single'])?$options['single']:false; } public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE) {  $startTime = Timer::getTimeStamp();   $file = md5(__FILE__.$key);  $this->fp = fopen($this->_lockPath.$file.'.lock', "w+");  if (true || $this->_single)  {   $op = LOCK_EX + LOCK_NB;  }  else  {   $op = LOCK_EX;  }  if (false == flock($this->fp, $op, $a))  {   throw new Exception('failed');  }    return true; } public function releaseLock($key) {  flock($this->fp, LOCK_UN);  fclose($this->fp); }} class SQLLock implements ILock{ public function __construct($options) {  $this->_db = new mysql();  }  public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE) {    $sql = "SELECT GET_LOCK('".$key."', '".$timeout."')";  $res = $this->_db->query($sql);  return $res; }  public function releaseLock($key) {  $sql = "SELECT RELEASE_LOCK('".$key."')";  return $this->_db->query($sql); }} class MemcacheLock implements ILock{ public function __construct($options) {     $this->memcache = new Memcache(); }  public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE) {    $waitime = 20000;  $totalWaitime = 0;  $time = $timeout*1000000;  while ($totalWaitime < $time && false == $this->memcache->add($key, 1, $timeout))   {   usleep($waitime);   $totalWaitime += $waitime;  }  if ($totalWaitime >= $time)   throw new Exception('can not get lock for waiting '.$timeout.'s.');  }  public function releaseLock($key) {  $this->memcache->delete($key); }}            
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