placeholder属性是HTML5中为input添加的。在input上提供一个占位符,文字形式展示输入字段预期值的提示信息(hint),该字段会在输入为空时显示。
如
<input type="text" name="loginName" placeholder="邮箱/手机号/QQ号">
目前浏览器的支持情况
浏览器 | IE6/7/8/9 | IE10+ | Firefox | Chrome | Safari |
是否支持 | NO | YES | YES | YES | YES |
然而,虽然IE10+支持placeholder属性,它的表现与其它浏览器也不一致
这相当恶心,如果使用了placeholder属性。产品经理还是不依不饶,会讲为什么IE里是点击的时候提示文本消失,Chrome里却是键盘输入的时候提示文本消失。要求前端工程师改成一样的表现形式。鉴于此,以下两种实现方式均不采用原生的placeholder属性。
两种方式的思路
两种方式各有优缺点,方式一占用了input的value属性,表单提交时需要额外做一些判断工作,方式二则使用了额外的标签。
/** * PlaceHolder组件 * $(input).placeholder({ * Word: // @string 提示文本 * color: // @string 文本颜色 * evtType: // @string focus|keydown 触发placeholder的事件类型 * }) * * NOTE: * evtType默认是focus,即鼠标点击到输入域时默认文本消失,keydown则模拟HTML5 placeholder属性在Firefox/Chrome里的特征,光标定位到输入域后键盘输入时默认文本才消失。 * 此外,对于HTML5 placeholder属性,IE10+和Firefox/Chrome/Safari的表现形式也不一致,因此内部实现不采用原生placeholder属性 */$.fn.placeholder = function(option, callback) {var settings = $.extend({word: '',color: '#ccc',evtType: 'focus'}, option)function bootstrap($that) {// some alias var word = settings.wordvar color = settings.colorvar evtType = settings.evtType// defaultvar defColor = $that.CSS('color')var defVal = $that.val()if (defVal == '' || defVal == word) {$that.css({color: color}).val(word)} else {$that.css({color: defColor})}function switchStatus(isDef) {if (isDef) {$that.val('').css({color: defColor})} else {$that.val(word).css({color: color})}}function asFocus() {$that.bind(evtType, function() {var txt = $that.val()if (txt == word) {switchStatus(true)}}).bind('blur', function() {var txt = $that.val()if (txt == '') {switchStatus(false)}})}function asKeydown() { $that.bind('focus', function() { var elem = $that[0] var val = $that.val() if (val == word) { setTimeout(function() { // 光标定位到首位 $that.setCursorPosition({index: 0}) }, 10) } })}if (evtType == 'focus') {asFocus()} else if (evtType == 'keydown') {asKeydown()} // keydown事件里处理placeholder $that.keydown(function() { var val = $that.val() if (val == word) { switchStatus(true) } }).keyup(function() { var val = $that.val() if (val == '') { switchStatus(false) $that.setCursorPosition({index: 0}) } })}return this.each(function() {var $elem = $(this)bootstrap($elem)if ($.isFunction(callback)) callback($elem)})}
线上示例:http://snandy.github.io/lib/ui/demo/placeholder/b.html
会用到 setCursorPosition。
$.fn.placeholder = function(option, callback) {var settings = $.extend({word: '',color: '#999',evtType: 'focus',zIndex: 20,diffPaddingLeft: 3}, option)function bootstrap($that) {// some alias var word = settings.wordvar color = settings.colorvar evtType = settings.evtTypevar zIndex = settings.zIndexvar diffPaddingLeft = settings.diffPaddingLeft// default cssvar width = $that.outerWidth()var height = $that.outerHeight()var fontSize = $that.css('font-size')var fontFamily = $that.css('font-family')var paddingLeft = $that.css('padding-left')// PRocesspaddingLeft = parseInt(paddingLeft, 10) + diffPaddingLeft// redner var $placeholder = $('<span class="placeholder">')$placeholder.css({position: 'absolute',zIndex: '20',color: color,width: (width - paddingLeft) + 'px',height: height + 'px',fontSize: fontSize,paddingLeft: paddingLeft + 'px',fontFamily: fontFamily}).text(word).hide()// 位置调整 move()// textarea 不加line-heihgt属性if ($that.is('input')) {$placeholder.css({lineHeight: height + 'px'})}$placeholder.appendTo(document.body)// 内容为空时才显示,比如刷新页面输入域已经填入了内容时var val = $that.val()if ( val == '' && $that.is(':visible') ) {$placeholder.show()} function hideAndFocus() { $placeholder.hide() $that[0].focus() } function move() { var offset = $that.offset() var top = offset.top var left = offset.left $placeholder.css({ top: top, left: left }) }function asFocus() {$placeholder.click(function() {hideAndFocus()// 盖住后无法触发input的click事件,需要模拟点击下 setTimeout(function(){ $that.click() }, 100)}) // IE有些bug,原本不用加此句 $that.click(hideAndFocus)$that.blur(function() {var txt = $that.val()if (txt == '') {$placeholder.show()}})}function asKeydown() {$placeholder.click(function() {$that[0].focus()})}if (evtType == 'focus') {asFocus()} else if (evtType == 'keydown') {asKeydown()}$that.keyup(function() {var txt = $that.val()if (txt == '') {$placeholder.show()} else {$placeholder.hide()}}) // 窗口缩放时处理 $(window).resize(function() { move() }) // cache $that.data('el', $placeholder) $that.data('move', move)}return this.each(function() {var $elem = $(this)bootstrap($elem)if ($.isFunction(callback)) callback($elem)})}
线上示例:http://snandy.github.io/lib/ui/demo/placeholder/a.html
方式2 对于以下场景不适合
1. input初始隐藏
此时无法取到input的offset,继而无法定位span到input上面。
2. 包含input的页面dom结构发生变化
比如页面里删除了一些元素或添加了一些元素,导致input向上或向下偏移,而此时span则没有偏移(span相对body定位)。这比较恶心,可以考虑把span作为input的兄弟元素,即相对内层div定位(而不是body)。但这样必须强制给外层div添加position:relative,添加后可能会对页面布局产生一定影响。
相关:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-html5-20090825/forms.html#the-placeholder-attribute
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#attr-placeholder
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