前一篇文章我们介绍了虚拟DOM的实现与原理,这篇文章我们来讲讲React的直出。 比起MVVM,React比较容易实现直出,那么React的直出是如何实现,有什么值得我们学习的呢?
对于MVVM,HTML片段即为配置,而直出后的HTML无法还原配置,所以问题不是MVVM能否直出,而是在于直出后的片段能否还原原来的配置。下面是一个简单的例子:
<sapn>Hello {name}!</span>
上面这段HTML配置和数据在一起,直出后会变成:
<span>Hello world!</span>
这时候当我们失去了name的值改变的时候会导致页面渲染这个细节。当然,如果为了实现MVVM直出我们可能有另外的方法来解决,例如直出结果变成这样:
<span>Hello <span q-text="name">world</span>!</span>
这时候我们是可以把丢失的信息找回来的,当然结构可能和我们想象的有些差别。当然还有其他问题,例如直出HTML不一定能反向还原数据,由于篇幅问题,这里不展开讨论。
如图:
具体例子可以参考,https://github.com/DavidWells/isomorphic-react-example/,下面是其渲染路由的写法:
// https://github.com/DavidWells/isomorphic-react-example/blob/master/app/routes/coreRoutes.jsvar React = require('react/addons');var ReactApp = React.createFactory(require('../components/ReactApp').ReactApp);module.exports = function(app) { app.get('/', function(req, res){ // React.renderToString takes your component // and generates the markup var reactHtml = React.renderToString(ReactApp({})); // Output html rendered by react // console.log(myAppHtml); res.render('index.ejs', {reactOutput: reactHtml}); });};
OK,我们现在知道如何利用React实现直出,以及如何前后端代码复用。
但还有下面几个问题有待解决:
React.createClass({ render: function () { return ( <p> Hello {name}! </p> ); }})
通过一个简单的例子,我们可以发现,实际上React根本没用Text Node,而是使用span来代替Text Node,这样就可以实现虚拟DOM和直出DOM的一一映射关系。
刚刚的例子,如果我们通过React.renderToString拿到<Test />
可以发现是:
<p data-reactid=".0" data-react-checksum="-793171045"><span data-reactid=".0.0">Hello </span><span data-reactid=".0.1">world</span><span data-reactid=".0.2">!</span></p>
我们可以发现一个有趣的属性data-react-checksum
,这是啥?实际上这是上面这段HTML片段的adler32算法值。实际上调用React.render(<MyComponent />, container);
时候做了下面一些事情:
data-react-checksum
属性,如果有则通过React.renderToString拿到前端的,通过adler32算法得到的值和data-react-checksum
对比,如果一致则表示,无需渲染,否则重新渲染,下面是adler32算法实现:var MOD = 65521;// This is a clean-room implementation of adler32 designed for detecting// if markup is not what we expect it to be. It does not need to be// cryptographically strong, only reasonably good at detecting if markup// generated on the server is different than that on the client.function adler32(data) { var a = 1; var b = 0; for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { a = (a + data.charCodeAt(i)) % MOD; b = (b + a) % MOD; } return a | (b << 16);}
/** * Finds the index of the first character * that's not common between the two given strings. * * @return {number} the index of the character where the strings diverge */function firstDifferenceIndex(string1, string2) { var minLen = Math.min(string1.length, string2.length); for (var i = 0; i < minLen; i++) { if (string1.charAt(i) !== string2.charAt(i)) { return i; } } return string1.length === string2.length ? -1 : minLen;}
下面是首屏渲染时的主要逻辑,可以发现React对首屏实际上也是通过innerHTML来渲染的:
_mountImageIntoNode: function(markup, container, shouldReuseMarkup) { ("PRoduction" !== process.env.NODE_ENV ? invariant( container && ( (container.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE_TYPE || container.nodeType === DOC_NODE_TYPE) ), 'mountComponentIntoNode(...): Target container is not valid.' ) : invariant(container && ( (container.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE_TYPE || container.nodeType === DOC_NODE_TYPE) ))); if (shouldReuseMarkup) { var rootElement = getReactRootElementInContainer(container); if (ReactMarkupChecksum.canReuseMarkup(markup, rootElement)) { return; } else { var checksum = rootElement.getAttribute( ReactMarkupChecksum.CHECKSUM_ATTR_NAME ); rootElement.removeAttribute(ReactMarkupChecksum.CHECKSUM_ATTR_NAME); var rootMarkup = rootElement.outerHTML; rootElement.setAttribute( ReactMarkupChecksum.CHECKSUM_ATTR_NAME, checksum ); var diffIndex = firstDifferenceIndex(markup, rootMarkup); var difference = ' (client) ' + markup.substring(diffIndex - 20, diffIndex + 20) + '/n (server) ' + rootMarkup.substring(diffIndex - 20, diffIndex + 20); ("production" !== process.env.NODE_ENV ? invariant( container.nodeType !== DOC_NODE_TYPE, 'You/'re trying to render a component to the document using ' + 'server rendering but the checksum was invalid. This usually ' + 'means you rendered a different component type or props on ' + 'the client from the one on the server, or your render() ' + 'methods are impure. React cannot handle this case due to ' + 'cross-browser quirks by rendering at the document root. You ' + 'should look for environment dependent code in your components ' + 'and ensure the props are the same client and server side:/n%s', difference ) : invariant(container.nodeType !== DOC_NODE_TYPE)); if ("production" !== process.env.NODE_ENV) { ("production" !== process.env.NODE_ENV ? warning( false, 'React attempted to reuse markup in a container but the ' + 'checksum was invalid. This generally means that you are ' + 'using server rendering and the markup generated on the ' + 'server was not what the client was expecting. React injected ' + 'new markup to compensate which works but you have lost many ' + 'of the benefits of server rendering. Instead, figure out ' + 'why the markup being generated is different on the client ' + 'or server:/n%s', difference ) : null); } } } ("production" !== process.env.NODE_ENV ? invariant( container.nodeType !== DOC_NODE_TYPE, 'You/'re trying to render a component to the document but ' + 'you didn/'t use server rendering. We can/'t do this ' + 'without using server rendering due to cross-browser quirks. ' + 'See React.renderToString() for server rendering.' ) : invariant(container.nodeType !== DOC_NODE_TYPE)); setInnerHTML(container, markup); }
尝试一下下面的代码,想想React为啥认为这是错误的?
var Test = React.createClass({ getInitialState: function() { return {name: 'world'}; }, render: function() { return ( <p>Hello</p> <p> Hello {this.state.name}! </p> ); }});React.render( <Test />, document.getElementById('content'));
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