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MongoDB多表关联查询操作实例详解

2020-10-29 18:41:37
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本文实例讲述了MongoDB多表关联查询操作。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

Mongoose的多表关联查询

首先,我们回忆一下,MySQL多表关联查询的语句:

student表:

calss表:

通过student的classId关联进行查询学生名称,班级的数据:

SELECT student.name,student.age,class.name FROM student,class WHERE student.classId = class.id

Mongoose多表联合查询(还是以众所周知的学生、班级作为实例)

・ 表结构的定义(schemas目录下)

1. student表(student.js)

var mongoose = require('mongoose');var Schema = mongoose.Schema;/*定义数据模式*/var StudentSchema = new mongoose.Schema({  name: String,  calssId: {    type: Schema.Types.objectId,    ref: 'class'  },  age: Number,  number: Number,  meta: {    createAt: {      type: Date,      default: Date.now()    },    updateAt: {      type: Date,      default: Date.now()    }  }  /*更新时间的*/});module.exports = StudentSchema;

2. class表(class.js)

var mongoose = require('mongoose');var Schema = mongoose.Schema;/*定义数据模式*/var ClassSchema = new mongoose.Schema({  name: String,  meta: {    createAt: {      type: Date,      default: Date.now()    },    updateAt: {      type: Date,      default: Date.now()    }  }  /*更新时间的*/});module.exports = ClassSchema;

・ 生成Model(model目录下)

1. student Model(student.js)

var mongoose = require('mongoose');var StudentSchema = require('../schemas/student');/*通过model编译模式为模型*/var Student = mongoose.model('student', StudentSchema);/*导出Student模型 模块*/module.exports = Student;

2. class Model(class.js)

var mongoose = require('mongoose');var ClassSchema = require('../schemas/class');/*通过model编译模式为模型*/var Class = mongoose.model('class', ClassSchema);/*导出Class模型 模块*/module.exports = Class;

・ Model进行数据的查询操作

1. 将静态类的方法加到Model的编译中

StudentSchema.static = {  fetch: function(cb){ return this   .find({})   .sort('meta.updateAt') //按更新的时间排序  }}

2. 将静态类方法加到Model中

StudentSchema.static('fetch', function(cb){   return this     .find({}, cb)  .sort('meta.updateAt')})

3. 直接调用model的find()方法

查询的结果均为:

[
    {
        _id: '5a05222f583e5720b8660191',
        name: '张三',
        age: 18,
        number: 11,
        classId: '5a0036512b740f32e4371e66'
    },
    {
        _id: '5a05222f583e5720b8660091',
        name: '李四',
        age: 19,
        number: 11,
        classId: '5a0036512b740f32e1371e66'
    },
    {
        _id: '5a05222f583e5720b18660191',
        name: '赵五',
        age: 17,
        number: 11,
        classId: '5a0036512b7420f32e4371e66'
    }
]

・ 多表联合查询(学生对应班级)

StudentSchema.static = {  findStudentWithClass: function (cb) {    return this      .find({})      .populate('classId')//注意这是联合查询的关键      .sort('meta.updateAt')      .exec(cb)  }}

查询结果:

[
    {
        _id: '5a05222f583e5720b8660191',
        name: '张三',
        age: 18,
        number: 11,
        classId: {
            _id: '5a0036512b740f32e4371e66',
            name: '一年1班'
        }
    },
    {
        _id: '5a05222f583e5720b8660091',
        name: '李四',
        age: 18,
        number: 11,
        classId: {
            _id: '5a0036512b740f32e1371e66',
            name: '二年2班'
        }
    },
    {
        _id: '5a05222f583e5720b18660191',
        name: '赵五',
        age: 18,
        number: 11,
        classId: {
            _id: '5a0036512b7420f32e4371e66',
            name: '一年2班'
        }
    }
]

・ 由上面的实例可知,mongoose的多表联合查询的关键:

1. 数据模式结构定义需要利用关键字ref定义关联

var Schema = new mongoose.Schema({  field: { type: mongoose.Schema.Type.ObjectId, ref: 'model'  }});Schema.static = {  fetch: function(cb){ return this    .find({})    .populate('field')    .exec(cb) } }var Model = mongoose.Model('model',Schema );

希望本文所述对大家MongoDB数据库程序设计有所帮助。

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