Android的AlertDialog详解

2020-10-21 21:55:12

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AlertDialog的构造方法全部是Protected的，所以不能直接通过new一个AlertDialog来创建出一个AlertDialog。
要创建一个AlertDialog，就要用到AlertDialog.Builder中的create()方法。
使用AlertDialog.Builder创建对话框需要了解以下几个方法：
setTitle ：为对话框设置标题
setIcon ：为对话框设置图标
setMessage：为对话框设置内容
setView ：给对话框设置自定义样式
setItems ：设置对话框要显示的一个list，一般用于显示几个命令时
setMultiChoiceItems ：用来设置对话框显示一系列的复选框
setNeutralButton    ：普通按钮
setPositiveButton   ：给对话框添加"Yes"按钮
setNegativeButton ：对话框添加"No"按钮
create ：创建对话框
show ：显示对话框
一、简单的AlertDialog
下面，创建一个简单的ALertDialog并显示它：

[java] package com.tianjf;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
                setTitle("对话框的标题").
                setMessage("对话框的内容").
                setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher).
                create();
        alertDialog.show();
    }
}
package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
    setTitle("对话框的标题").
    setMessage("对话框的内容").
    setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher).
    create();
  alertDialog.show();
}
}运行结果如下：

二、带按钮的AlertDialog
上面的例子很简单，下面我们在这个AlertDialog上面加几个Button，实现删除操作的提示对话框

[java] package com.tianjf;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
                setTitle("确定删除？").
                setMessage("您确定删除该条信息吗？").
                setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher).
                setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    }
                }).
                setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    }
                }).
                setNeutralButton("查看详情", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    }
                }).
                create();
        alertDialog.show();
    }
}
package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
    setTitle("确定删除？").
    setMessage("您确定删除该条信息吗？").
    setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher).
    setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
     }
    }).
    setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
     }
    }).
    setNeutralButton("查看详情", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
     }
    }).
    create();
  alertDialog.show();
}
}在这个例子中，我们定义了三个按钮，分别是"Yes"按钮，"No"按钮以及一个普通按钮，每个按钮都有onClick事件，TODO的地方可以放点了按钮之后想要做的一些处理
看一下运行结果：

可以看到三个按钮添加到了AlertDialog上，三个没有添加事件处理的按钮，点了只是关闭对话框，没有任何其他操作。

三、类似ListView的AlertDialog
用setItems(CharSequence[] items, final OnClickListener listener)方法来实现类似ListView的AlertDialog
第一个参数是要显示的数据的数组，第二个参数是点击某个item的触发事件

[java] package com.tianjf;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" };

        Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
                setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果？").
                setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                .setItems(arrayFruit, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, arrayFruit[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                }).
                setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    }
                }).
                create();
        alertDialog.show();
    }
}
package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" };
  Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
    setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果？").
    setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
    .setItems(arrayFruit, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
      Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, arrayFruit[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     }
    }).
    setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
     }
    }).
    create();
  alertDialog.show();
}
}运行结果如下：

四、类似RadioButton的AlertDialog
用setSingleChoiceItems(CharSequence[] items, int checkedItem, final OnClickListener listener)方法来实现类似RadioButton的AlertDialog
第一个参数是要显示的数据的数组，第二个参数是初始值（初始被选中的item），第三个参数是点击某个item的触发事件
在这个例子里面我们设了一个selectedFruitIndex用来记住选中的item的index

[java] package com.tianjf;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {

    private int selectedFruitIndex = 0;

    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" };

        Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
                setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果？").
                setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                .setSingleChoiceItems(arrayFruit, 0, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        selectedFruitIndex = which;
                    }
                }).
                setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, arrayFruit[selectedFruitIndex], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                }).
                setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    }
                }).
                create();
        alertDialog.show();
    }
}
package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {

private int selectedFruitIndex = 0;

/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" };
  Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
    setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果？").
    setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
    .setSingleChoiceItems(arrayFruit, 0, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
      selectedFruitIndex = which;
     }
    }).
    setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
      Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, arrayFruit[selectedFruitIndex], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     }
    }).
    setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
     }
    }).
    create();
  alertDialog.show();
}
}
运行结果如下：

五、类似CheckBox的AlertDialog
用setMultiChoiceItems(CharSequence[] items, boolean[] checkedItems, final OnMultiChoiceClickListener listener)方法来实现类似CheckBox的AlertDialog
第一个参数是要显示的数据的数组，第二个参数是选中状态的数组，第三个参数是点击某个item的触发事件

[java] package com.tianjf;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" };
        final boolean[] arrayFruitSelected = new boolean[] {true, true, false, false};

        Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
                setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果？").
                setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                .setMultiChoiceItems(arrayFruit, arrayFruitSelected, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {
                        arrayFruitSelected[which] = isChecked;
                    }
                }).
                setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
                        for (int i = 0; i < arrayFruitSelected.length; i++) {
                            if (arrayFruitSelected[i] == true)
                            {
                                stringBuilder.append(arrayFruit[i] + "、");
                            }
                        }
                        Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, stringBuilder.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                }).
                setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    }
                }).
                create();
        alertDialog.show();
    }
}
package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" };
  final boolean[] arrayFruitSelected = new boolean[] {true, true, false, false};
  Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
    setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果？").
    setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
    .setMultiChoiceItems(arrayFruit, arrayFruitSelected, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {

     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {
      arrayFruitSelected[which] = isChecked;
     }
    }).
    setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
      StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
      for (int i = 0; i < arrayFruitSelected.length; i++) {
       if (arrayFruitSelected[i] == true)
       {
        stringBuilder.append(arrayFruit[i] + "、");
       }
      }
      Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, stringBuilder.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     }
    }).
    setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
     }
    }).
    create();
  alertDialog.show();
}
}运行结果如下：

六、自定义View的AlertDialog
有时候我们不能满足系统自带的AlertDialog风格，就比如说我们要实现一个Login画面，有用户名和密码，这时我们就要用到自定义View的AlertDialog
先创建Login画面的布局文件
[html] <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center" >

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="@string/user" />

        <EditText
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center" >

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="@string/passward" />

        <EditText
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1" />
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center" >
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="@string/user" />
        <EditText
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1" />
    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center" >
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="@string/passward" />
        <EditText
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1" />
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
然后在Activity里面把Login画面的布局文件添加到AlertDialog上
[java] package com.tianjf;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        // 取得自定义View
        LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(this);
        View myLoginView = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.login, null);

        Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
                setTitle("用户登录").
                setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher).
                setView(myLoginView).
                setPositiveButton("登录", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    }
                }).
                setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    }
                }).
                create();
        alertDialog.show();
    }
}
package com.tianjf;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  // 取得自定义View
  LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(this);
  View myLoginView = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.login, null);

  Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
    setTitle("用户登录").
    setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher).
    setView(myLoginView).
    setPositiveButton("登录", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
     }
    }).
    setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
     @Override
     public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
     }
    }).
    create();
  alertDialog.show();
}
}运行结果如下：