Oracle 监听器密码设置方法(LISTENER)

2020-07-26 14:10:31

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监听器也有安全？Sure！在缺省的情况下，任意用户不需要使用任何密码即通过lsnrctl 工具对Oracle Listener进行操作或关闭，从而造成任意新的会话都将无法建立连接。在Oracle 9i 中Oracle监听器允许任何一个人利用lsnrctl从远程发起对监听器的管理。也容易导致数据库受到损坏。

1. 未设定密码情形下停止监听

[oracle@test ~]$ lsnrctl stop listener_demo92  -->停止监听，可以看出不需要任何密码即可停止                                               LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2011 08:22:26                                                        Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.                                                           Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))         The command completed successfully

2. 重新启动监听并设置密码

[oracle@test ~]$ lsnrctl                                                                                                              LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2011 08:24:09                         Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.                                                                                         Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.	                                    LSNRCTL> set current_listener listener_demo92 -->设置当前监听器                             Current Listener is listener_demo92                                            LSNRCTL> start       -->启动过程也不需要任何密码,启动的详细信息省略                         LSNRCTL> change_password  -->使用change_password来设置密码                                Old password:                                                       New password:                                                       Reenter new password:                                                   Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))                        Password changed for listener_demo92                                           The command completed successfully                                            LSNRCTL> save_config    -->注意此处的save_config失败                                 Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))                        TNS-01169: The listener has not recognized the password                                  LSNRCTL> set password    -->输入新设定的密码验证                                    Password:                                                         The command completed successfully                                            LSNRCTL> save_config    -->再次save_config成功                                     Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))                        Saved listener_demo92 configuration parameters.                                      Listener Parameter File  /oracle/92/network/admin/listener.ora                              Old Parameter File  /oracle/92/network/admin/listener.bak                                The command completed successfully                                                                                                         -->增加密码之后可以看到listener.ora文件中有一条新增的记录，即密码选项(注：尽管使用了密码管理方式,仍然可以无需密码启动监听)[oracle@test admin]$ more listener.ora                                          	#----ADDED BY TNSLSNR 26-JUN-2011 05:12:48---                                      	PASSWORDS_listener_demo92 =                                               	#--------------------------------------------

3. 尝试未使用密码的情况下停止监听

[oracle@test ~]$ lsnrctl stop listener_demo92                        LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2011 06:09:51          Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.                                                           Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))         TNS-01169: The listener has not recognized the password  -->收到错误信息，需要使用密码认证

4. 使用密码来停止监听

[oracle@test ~]$ lsnrctl                            LSNRCTL> set current_listener listener_demo92                 Current Listener is listener_demo92                      LSNRCTL> stop                                 Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))   TNS-01169: The listener has not recognized the password            LSNRCTL> set password                             Password:                                   The command completed successfully                       LSNRCTL> stop                                 Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))   The command completed successfully                       LSNRCTL> status                                Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))   TNS-12541: TNS:no listener                            TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error                      TNS-00511: No listener                              Linux Error: 111: Connection refused                    Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC)))       TNS-12541: TNS:no listener                            TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error                      TNS-00511: No listener                              Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

5. save_config失败的问题

-->在 Oracle 9i中，使用save_config命令将会失败                                     	LSNRCTL> save_config                                                 	Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=<hostname>)(PORT=<port>)))                  	TNS-01169: The listener has not recognized the password	                                                                                           -->应该先使用set password之后再save_config，则保存配置成功。                              	LSNRCTL> set password                                                	Password: <the password you chose>                                          	The command completed successfully                          /*在Oracle 10g 中不会出现类似的问题，因为在10g中可以使用基于操作系统验证方式。listener将检测到如果用户属于dba组的成员，将会被授予改变密码，保存配置以及停止监听等权限。 */

6. 配置listener.ora中ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS参数

参数作用：
当在listener.ora文件中设置了ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS参数后，在监听器运行时，不允许执行任何管理命令，同时set命令将不可用
，不论是在服务器本地还是从远程执行都不行。此时对于监听的设置仅仅通过手工修改listener.ora文件，要使修改生效，只能
使用lsnrctl reload命令或lsnrctl stop/start命令重新载入一次监听器配置信息。
修改方法：
在listener.ora文件中手动加入下面这样一行
ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS_<监听器名> = ON

下面是其它网友的补充：

LSNRCTL> change_password
Old password:
New password:
Reenter new password:
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ecp-uc-db1)(PORT=1521)))
Password changed for LISTENER
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> set password
Password:
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> save_config
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ecp-uc-db1)(PORT=1521)))
Saved LISTENER configuration parameters.
Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Old Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.bak
The command completed successfully
[oracle@ecp-uc-db1 admin]$ cat listener.ora
#―-ADDED BY TNSLSNR 10-JUN-2011 18:13:24―
PASSWORDS_LISTENER = 6D7AA003392C436A
#――――――――――――――
note：10g数据库上需要上添加（重启监听）
LOCAL_OS_AUTHENTICATION_LISTENER = OFF

1、添加LOCAL_OS_AUTHENTICATION_LISTENER = OFF之前

Security ON: Password or Local OS Authentication

2、添加LOCAL_OS_AUTHENTICATION_LISTENER = OFF之后

Security ON: Password
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ecp-uc-db1)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-01169: The listener has not recognized the password
LSNRCTL> stop
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ecp-uc-db1)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-01169: The listener has not recognized the password
LSNRCTL> set password 123456
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ecp-uc-db1)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
――――――――
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 Production
Start Date 10-JUN-2011 18:15:49
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 16 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Password
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ECP-UC-DB1)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary…
Service “PLSExtProc” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “PLSExtProc”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “ecp” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “ecp”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “ecpXDB” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “ecp”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “ecp_XPT” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “ecp”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully