前言
对于类相信大家都知道是什么,如果看过runtime的源码或者看过相关的文章对isa肯定也不陌生,不过元类(meta class)大家可能就比较陌生了。不过大家也不要担心,我会细细道来,让大家明白它到底是个什么东西。
先看一段大家非常熟悉的代码:
Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
为什么Person类名就能调用到alloc方法吗?到底怎么找到了alloc的方法了呢?
1.首先,在相应操作的对象中的缓存方法列表中找调用的方法,如果找到,转向相应实现并执行。
2.如果没找到,在相应操作的对象中的方法列表中找调用的方法,如果找到,转向相应实现执行
3.如果没找到,去父类指针所指向的对象中执行1,2.
4.以此类推,如果一直到根类还没找到,转向拦截调用,走消息转发机制。
5.如果没有重写拦截调用的方法,程序报错。
上边是我从网上一篇文章摘录的查找alloc的方法的大体过程。如果是实例方法(声明以`-`开头)这个描述的换个过程还是可以的,不过如果是类方法(声明以`+`开头比如`alloc`方法)还是有所欠缺的!
元类
`元类`也是类,是描述`Class `类对象的类。
Class aclass = [Person class];
>一切皆对象。每一个对象都对应一个类。 `Person` 类就是`person`变量对象的类,换句话说就是`person`对象的isa指向`Person`对应的结构体的类;`aclass`也是对象,描述它的类就是元类,换句话说`aclass`对象的isa指向的就是`元类`。
**元类保存了类方法的列表**。当一个类方法被调用时,元类会首先查找它本身是否有该类方法的实现,如果没有则该元类会向它的父类查找该方法,直到一直找到继承链的头。(回答文章上边查找方法所欠缺的地方)
这张图是非常精髓的,直接诠释了元类和isa。大家可以一边阅读本文,一边回忆此图,多看几遍。
上边都是概念性质偏多,不知道大家理解的如何。现在看一个实例来具体介绍上边的内容。
代码示例
// Created by FlyOceanFish on 2018/1/9.// Copyright © 2018年 FlyOceanFish. All rights reserved.//#import #import @interface Person: NSObject@end@implementation Person+ (void)printStatic{}- (void)print{ NSLog(@"This object is %p.", self); NSLog(@"Class is %@, and super is %@.", [self class], [self superclass]); const char *name = object_getClassName(self); Class metaClass = objc_getMetaClass(name); NSLog(@"MetaClass is %p",metaClass); Class currentClass = [self class]; for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) { NSLog(@"Following the isa pointer %d times gives %p", i, currentClass); unsigned int countMethod = 0; NSLog(@"---------------**%d start**-----------------------",i); Method * methods = class_copyMethodList(currentClass, &countMethod); [self printMethod:countMethod methods:methods ]; NSLog(@"---------------**%d end**-----------------------",i); currentClass = object_getClass(currentClass); } NSLog(@"NSObject's class is %p", [NSObject class]); NSLog(@"NSObject's meta class is %p", object_getClass([NSObject class]));}- (void)printMethod:(int)count methods:(Method *) methods{ for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) { Method method = methods[j]; SEL methodSEL = method_getName(method); const char * selName = sel_getName(methodSEL); if (methodSEL) { NSLog(@"sel------%s", selName); } }}@end@interface Animal: NSObject@end@implementation Animal- (void)print{ NSLog(@"This object is %p.", self); NSLog(@"Class is %@, and super is %@.", [self class], [self superclass]); const char *name = object_getClassName(self); Class metaClass = objc_getMetaClass(name); NSLog(@"MetaClass is %p",metaClass); Class currentClass = [self class]; for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) { NSLog(@"Following the isa pointer %d times gives %p", i, currentClass); currentClass = object_getClass(currentClass); } NSLog(@"NSObject's class is %p", [NSObject class]); NSLog(@"NSObject's meta class is %p", object_getClass([NSObject class]));}@endint main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { Person *person = [[Person alloc] init]; Class class = [Person class]; [person print];// printf("--------------------------------");// Animal *animal = [[Animal alloc] init];// [animal print]; } return 0;}
这个示例有两部分功能:
1. 大家只看`Person`的演示功能即可。
2. 观察Person和Animal两个对象的打印(打印方法名的可以注释掉,将main方法中的代码注释打开)
`Person`的演示功能(不打印方法名称)
This object is 0x100408400.Class is Person, and super is NSObject.MetaClass is 0x100001328Following the isa pointer 1 times gives 0x100001350Following the isa pointer 2 times gives 0x100001328Following the isa pointer 3 times gives 0x7fffb9a4f0f0Following the isa pointer 4 times gives 0x7fffb9a4f0f0NSObject's class is 0x7fffb9a4f140NSObject's meta class is 0x7fffb9a4f0f0
我们来观察isa到达过的地址的值:
对于本次打印我们可以做出以下结论(可以再去看一遍上边那张精髓的图):
`Person`的演示功能(打印方法名称)
Class is Person, and super is NSObject.MetaClass is 0x100002378Following the isa pointer 1 times gives 0x1000023a0---------------**1 start**----------------------- sel------printMethod:methods:sel------print---------------**1 end**-----------------------Following the isa pointer 2 times gives 0x100002378---------------**2 start**-----------------------sel------printStatic---------------**2 end**-----------------------Following the isa pointer 3 times gives 0x7fffb9a4f0f0 ---------------**3 start**-----------------------
我只把重要的复制出来了,`NSObject`的所有的方法名没有复制出来,在此处不是重要的。
此次打印结果的结论:
类方法(静态方法)是存储在元类中的
观察Person和Animal两个对象的打印
This object is 0x100508e70.Class is Person, and super is NSObject.MetaClass is 0x100001338Following the isa pointer 1 times gives 0x100001360Following the isa pointer 2 times gives 0x100001338Following the isa pointer 3 times gives 0x7fffb9a4f0f0Following the isa pointer 4 times gives 0x7fffb9a4f0f0NSObject's class is 0x7fffb9a4f140NSObject's meta class is 0x7fffb9a4f0f0--------------------------------This object is 0x100675ed0.Class is Animal, and super is NSObject.MetaClass is 0x100001388Following the isa pointer 1 times gives 0x1000013b0Following the isa pointer 2 times gives 0x100001388Following the isa pointer 3 times gives 0x7fffb9a4f0f0Following the isa pointer 4 times gives 0x7fffb9a4f0f0NSObject's class is 0x7fffb9a4f140NSObject's meta class is 0x7fffb9a4f0f0Program ended with exit code: 0
此次打印的结论:
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对武林网的支持。
新闻热点
疑难解答