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思科路由过滤命令详细解说

2020-04-18 12:50:39
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  (一) Route Maps

  特性:

  Route Maps类似于access lists,不同之处在于Route Maps可以改变Packets/Routes的部分属性。

  用途:

  Route Maps主要用于Redistribution和Policy Routing及BGP的实现。

  实现:

  Policy Routing发送Packets到Route Maps实现策略路由转发。

  Redistribution发送Routes到Route Maps实现路由条目的过滤。

  配置说明:

  Route Maps如果没有指定Action及Sequence Number属性,默认:

  Action:   permit

  Sequence Number:   10

  且Sequence Number不会自动增加。

  即如果在使用Route Maps语句时不指定Sequence Number,则覆盖Sequence Number为10的默认条目。

  Route Maps Deny Action:

  Redistribution: 特定路由条目不会被重分布。

  Policy Routing: 特定的Packets不会按策略路由转发,但会梗概正常的路由表条目转发。

  Case Study:Policy Routing

  注:(1)Policy Routing只影响入流量。

  (2)可以使用Standard及Extended ACL.

  (3)全局配置ip local policy route-map sense可将策略路由应用于Router本身发送的Packets.

  <1> Standard ACL

interface Serial 0   ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.0   ip policy route-map sense!access-list 1 permit 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255access-list 2 permit 172.16.7.0 0.0.0.255!route-map sense permit 10   match ip address 1   set ip next-hop 172.16.4.2!route-map sense permit 20   match ip address 2   set ip next-hop 172.16.4.3

  <2> Extended ACL

interface Ethernet 0   ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0   ip policy route-map sense!access-list 105 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftp anyaccess-list 105 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftp-data anyaccess-list 106 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq telnet any!route-map sense permit 10   match ip address 105   set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1!route-map sense permit 20   match ip address 106   set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1

  <3> Length of the Packets

interface Ethernet0   ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0   ip policy route-map sense!route-map sense permit 10   match length 1000 1600   set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1!route-map sense permit 20   match length 0 400   set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1

  <4> Router's Packets

interface Ethernet0   ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0   ip policy route-map sense!ip local policy route-map sense!access-list 120 permit ip any 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255access-list 120 permit ospf any any!route-map sense permit 10   match ip address 120!route-map sense permit 20   match length 1000 1600   set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1!route-map sense permit 30   match length 0 400   set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1

  注:如果没有第一个route-map条目,router本身的Packets及OSPF的Packets都会由于后两个route-map语句被转发到错误的地址。

  Case Study: Policy Routing and Quality of Service Routing

  Policy Routing结合ip包头的Precedence和Type of Service(TOS)可以实现基于QOS的策略路由。

  注:Precedence和TOS的配置既可使用Number字段,也可以使用Keyword.

set ip precedence-------------------------------------Bits     Number     Keyword000        0        routine001        1        priority010        2        immediate011        3        flash100        4        flash-override101        5        critical110        6        internet111        7        network-------------------------------------set ip tos-------------------------------------Bits     Number     Keyword0000       0        normal0001       1        min-monetary-cost0010       2        max-reliability0100       4        max-throughput1000       8        min-delay-------------------------------------interface Serial0   ip address 10.1.18.67 255.255.255.252   ip policy route-map sense!interface Serial1   ip address 10.34.16.83.255.255.255.252   ip policy route-map sense!access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255access-list 110 permit tcp any eq www any!route-map sense permit 10   match ip address 1 110   set ip precedence critical!route-map sense permit 20   set ip tos 10   set ip precedence priority

  Case Study: Route Tagging

  用途:

  用于双向重分布时标识特定Domain的路由,以防路由被重分布回起源Domain.

  使用方案:

  通告路由条目的边缘Router在重分布时给路由条目加上Tag标识,做为Transit Network的Domain,不需要使用和识别Tag,仅仅需要将它传递到它的外部网络即可。

  路由协议相关:

  Support: RIPv2,EIGRP,IS-IS,OSPF,BGP

  Not Support: RIPV1,IGRP

  Packets Format:

  RIPv2: 支持16-bit tags    表示为十进制:0 ~ 65535

  EIGRP external route TLVs: 支持32-bit tags    表示为十进制:0 ~ 4294967295

  OSPF type 5 LSAs: 支持32-bit tags    表示为十进制:0 ~ 4294967295

  配置实例:

router ospf 1   redistribute igrp 1 metric 10 subnets tag 1   redistribute rip metric 10 subnets route-map sense   network 10.100.200.1 0.0.0.0 area 0!router rip   network 10.0.0.0!router igrp 1   network 10.0.0.0!access-list 1 permit 10.1.2.3access-list 2 permit 10.1.2.4!route-map sense permit 10   match ip route-source 1   set tag 2!route-map sense permit 20   match ip route-source 2   set tag 3

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