Android编程开发之打开文件的Intent及使用方法

2020-04-11 11:22:42

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本文实例讲述了Android编程开发之打开文件的Intent及使用方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

在写文件管理系统时会用到各种打开不同格式的文件的需求，由于Android系统默认内置了一些可以打开的系统应用，但还是不能满足需求，比如打开视频文件、word等，需要安装相应的播放软件才可以使用，这时程序会通过Intent查找可以使用的软件实现通过代码打开一个文件需要2部分，一部分是要获取到不同文件的后缀，以便根据需求匹配相应的Intent，另一个就是不同格式的文件打开的Intent不同

1、在values目录下定义后缀数组文件fileendings

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <array name="fileEndingImage"> <item>.png</item> <item>.gif</item> <item>.jpg</item> <item>.jpeg</item> <item>.bmp</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingAudio"> <item>.mp3</item> <item>.wav</item> <item>.ogg</item> <item>.midi</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingVideo"> <item>.mp4</item> <item>.rmvb</item> <item>.avi</item> <item>.flv</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingPackage"> <item>.jar</item> <item>.zip</item> <item>.rar</item> <item>.gz</item> <item>.apk</item> <item>.img</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingWebText"> <item>.htm</item> <item>.html</item> <item>.php</item> <item>.jsp</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingText"> <item>.txt</item> <item>.java</item> <item>.c</item> <item>.cpp</item> <item>.py</item> <item>.xml</item> <item>.json</item> <item>.log</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingWord"> <item>.doc</item> <item>.docx</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingExcel"> <item>.xls</item> <item>.xlsx</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingPPT"> <item>.ppt</item> <item>.pptx</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingPdf"> <item>.p<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <array name="fileEndingImage"> <item>.png</item> <item>.gif</item> <item>.jpg</item> <item>.jpeg</item> <item>.bmp</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingAudio"> <item>.mp3</item> <item>.wav</item> <item>.ogg</item> <item>.midi</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingVideo"> <item>.mp4</item> <item>.rmvb</item> <item>.avi</item> <item>.flv</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingPackage"> <item>.jar</item> <item>.zip</item> <item>.rar</item> <item>.gz</item> <item>.apk</item> <item>.img</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingWebText"> <item>.htm</item> <item>.html</item> <item>.php</item> <item>.jsp</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingText"> <item>.txt</item> <item>.java</item> <item>.c</item> <item>.cpp</item> <item>.py</item> <item>.xml</item> <item>.json</item> <item>.log</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingWord"> <item>.doc</item> <item>.docx</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingExcel"> <item>.xls</item> <item>.xlsx</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingPPT"> <item>.ppt</item> <item>.pptx</item> </array> <array name="fileEndingPdf"> <item>.pdf</item> </array> </resources>df</item> </array> </resources>

2、定义OpenFiles工具类，只需传输File参数即可，然后通过返回的Intent打开文件

public class OpenFiles { //android获取一个用于打开HTML文件的intent public static Intent getHtmlFileIntent(File file) { Uri uri = Uri.parse(file.toString()).buildUpon().encodedAuthority("com.android.htmlfileprovider").scheme("content").encodedPath(file.toString()).build(); Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW"); intent.setDataAndType(uri, "text/html"); return intent; } //android获取一个用于打开图片文件的intent public static Intent getImageFileIntent(File file) { Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW"); intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT"); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file); intent.setDataAndType(uri, "image/*"); return intent; } //android获取一个用于打开PDF文件的intent public static Intent getPdfFileIntent(File file) { Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW"); intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT"); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file); intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/pdf"); return intent; } //android获取一个用于打开文本文件的intent public static Intent getTextFileIntent(File file) { Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW"); intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT"); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file); intent.setDataAndType(uri, "text/plain"); return intent; } //android获取一个用于打开音频文件的intent public static Intent getAudioFileIntent(File file) { Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW"); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP); intent.putExtra("oneshot", 0); intent.putExtra("configchange", 0); Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file); intent.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/*"); return intent; } //android获取一个用于打开视频文件的intent public static Intent getVideoFileIntent(File file) { Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW"); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP); intent.putExtra("oneshot", 0); intent.putExtra("configchange", 0); Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file); intent.setDataAndType(uri, "video/*"); return intent; } //android获取一个用于打开CHM文件的intent public static Intent getChmFileIntent(File file) { Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW"); intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT"); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file); intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/x-chm"); return intent; } //android获取一个用于打开Word文件的intent public static Intent getWordFileIntent(File file) { Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW"); intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT"); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file); intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/msword"); return intent; } //android获取一个用于打开Excel文件的intent public static Intent getExcelFileIntent(File file) { Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW"); intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT"); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file); intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.ms-excel"); return intent; } //android获取一个用于打开PPT文件的intent public static Intent getPPTFileIntent(File file) { Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW"); intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT"); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file); intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"); return intent; } //android获取一个用于打开apk文件的intent public static Intent getApkFileIntent(File file) { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); intent.setAction(android.content.Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intent.setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(file), "application/vnd.android.package-archive"); return intent; } }

3、定义用于检查要打开的文件的后缀是否在遍历后缀数组中

private boolean checkEndsWithInStringArray(String checkItsEnd, String[] fileEndings){ for(String aEnd : fileEndings){ if(checkItsEnd.endsWith(aEnd)) return true; } return false; }

4、通过调用OpenFiles类返回的Intent，打开相应的文件

if(currentPath!=null&¤tPath.isFile()) { String fileName = currentPath.toString(); Intent intent; if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources(). getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingImage))){ intent = OpenFiles.getImageFileIntent(currentPath); startActivity(intent); }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources(). getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingWebText))){ intent = OpenFiles.getHtmlFileIntent(currentPath); startActivity(intent); }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources(). getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingPackage))){ intent = OpenFiles.getApkFileIntent(currentPath); startActivity(intent); }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources(). getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingAudio))){ intent = OpenFiles.getAudioFileIntent(currentPath); startActivity(intent); }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources(). getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingVideo))){ intent = OpenFiles.getVideoFileIntent(currentPath); startActivity(intent); }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources(). getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingText))){ intent = OpenFiles.getTextFileIntent(currentPath); startActivity(intent); }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources(). getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingPdf))){ intent = OpenFiles.getPdfFileIntent(currentPath); startActivity(intent); }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources(). getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingWord))){ intent = OpenFiles.getWordFileIntent(currentPath); startActivity(intent); }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources(). getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingExcel))){ intent = OpenFiles.getExcelFileIntent(currentPath); startActivity(intent); }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources(). getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingPPT))){ intent = OpenFiles.getPPTFileIntent(currentPath); startActivity(intent); }else { showMessage("无法打开，请安装相应的软件！"); } }else { showMessage("对不起，这不是文件！"); }

希望本文所述对大家Android程序设计有所帮助。

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