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实例讲解Android应用开发中Fragment生命周期的控制

2020-04-11 10:44:35
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一、Fragment的生命周期初探

因为Fragment必须嵌入在Acitivity中使用,所以Fragment的生命周期和它所在的Activity是密切相关的。

如果Activity是暂停状态,其中所有的Fragment都是暂停状态;如果Activity是stopped状态,这个Activity中所有的Fragment都不能被启动;如果Activity被销毁,那么它其中的所有Fragment都会被销毁。

但是,当Activity在活动状态,可以独立控制Fragment的状态,比如加上或者移除Fragment。

当这样进行fragment transaction(转换)的时候,可以把fragment放入Activity的back stack中,这样用户就可以进行返回操作。

使用Fragment时,需要继承Fragment或者Fragment的子类(DialogFragment, ListFragment, PreferenceFragment, WebViewFragment),所以Fragment的代码看起来和Activity的类似。

每当创建一个Fragment时,首先添加以下三个回调方法:

onCreate():系统在创建Fragment的时候调用这个方法,这里应该初始化相关的组件,一些即便是被暂停或者被停止时依然需要保留的东西。
onCreateView():当第一次绘制Fragment的UI时系统调用这个方法,该方法将返回一个View,如果Fragment不提供 UI也可以返回null。注意,如果继承自ListFragment,onCreateView()默认的实现会返回一个ListView,所以不用自己 实现。
onPause():当用户离开Fragment时第一个调用这个方法,需要提交一些变化,因为用户很可能不再返回来。
将Fragment加载到Activity当中有两种方式:

方式一:添加Fragment到Activity的布局文件当中
方式二:在Activity的代码中动态添加Fragment(荐)
第一种方式虽然简单但灵活性不够。添加Fragment到Activity的布局文件当中,就等同于将Fragment及其视图与activity的视图绑定在一起,且在activity的生命周期过程中,无法切换fragment视图。

第二种方式比较复杂,但也是唯一一种可以在运行时控制fragment的方式(加载、移除、替换)。

二、生命周期控制实例

package com.goso.testapp;import android.app.Activity;import android.app.ListFragment;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;import android.widget.ListView;/** * Demonstration of using ListFragment to show a list of items * from a canned array. */public class FragmentListArray extends Activity {  @Override  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);    Log.e("HJJ", "Activity &&&& onCreate...");    // Create the list fragment and add it as our sole content.    if (getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(android.R.id.content) == null) {      ArrayListFragment list = new ArrayListFragment();      getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content, list).commit();    }  }  @Override  protected void onStart() {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   super.onStart();   Log.e("HJJ", "Activity &&&& onStart...");  }    @Override  protected void onResume() {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   super.onResume();   Log.e("HJJ", "Activity &&&& onResume...");  }    @Override  protected void onStop() {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   super.onStop();   Log.e("HJJ", "Activity &&&& onStop...");  }    @Override  protected void onPause() {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   super.onPause();   Log.e("HJJ", "Activity &&&& onPause...");  }    @Override  protected void onDestroy() {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   super.onDestroy();   Log.e("HJJ", "Activity &&&& onDestroy...");  }    public static class ArrayListFragment extends ListFragment {   @Override   public void onAttach(Activity activity) {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   Log.e("HJJ", "ArrayListFragment **** onAttach...");   super.onAttach(activity);   }      @Override   public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   Log.e("HJJ", "ArrayListFragment **** onCreate...");   super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);   }      @Override   public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,    Bundle savedInstanceState) {   // TODO Auto-generated method stub   Log.e("HJJ", "ArrayListFragment **** onCreateView...");   return super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);   }       @Override    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {      super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);      Log.e("HJJ", "ArrayListFragment **** onActivityCreated...");      String[] array = new String[]{"C++", "JAVA", "PYTHON"};      setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),          android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, array));    }    @Override    public void onStart() {     // TODO Auto-generated method stub     Log.e("HJJ", "ArrayListFragment **** onStart...");     super.onStart();    }        @Override    public void onResume() {     Log.e("HJJ", "ArrayListFragment **** onResume...");     // TODO Auto-generated method stub     super.onResume();    }        @Override    public void onPause() {     Log.e("HJJ", "ArrayListFragment **** onPause...");     // TODO Auto-generated method stub     super.onPause();    }        @Override    public void onStop() {     Log.e("HJJ", "ArrayListFragment **** onStop...");     // TODO Auto-generated method stub     super.onStop();    }        @Override    public void onDestroyView() {     Log.e("HJJ", "ArrayListFragment **** onDestroyView...");     // TODO Auto-generated method stub     super.onDestroyView();    }        @Override    public void onDestroy() {     // TODO Auto-generated method stub     Log.e("HJJ", "ArrayListFragment **** onDestroy...");     super.onDestroy();    }        @Override    public void onDetach() {     Log.e("HJJ", "ArrayListFragment **** onDetach...");     // TODO Auto-generated method stub     super.onDetach();    }        @Override    public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {      Log.i("FragmentList", "Item clicked: " + id);    }  }}

结果:
onCreate过程

01-22 15:30:28.091: E/HJJ(10315): Activity &&&& onCreate...01-22 15:30:28.091: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onAttach...01-22 15:30:28.091: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onCreate...01-22 15:30:28.115: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onCreateView...01-22 15:30:28.123: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onActivityCreated...

onStart过程

01-22 15:30:28.123: E/HJJ(10315): Activity &&&& onStart...01-22 15:30:28.123: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onStart...

onResume过程

01-22 15:30:28.123: E/HJJ(10315): Activity &&&& onResume...01-22 15:30:28.123: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onResume...

onPause过程

01-22 15:31:26.748: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onPause...01-22 15:31:26.748: E/HJJ(10315): Activity &&&& onPause...

onStop过程

01-22 15:31:27.638: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onStop...01-22 15:31:27.638: E/HJJ(10315): Activity &&&& onStop...

onStart过程

01-22 15:31:57.537: E/HJJ(10315): Activity &&&& onStart...01-22 15:31:57.537: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onStart...

onResume过程

01-22 15:31:57.537: E/HJJ(10315): Activity &&&& onResume...01-22 15:31:57.537: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onResume...

onPause过程

01-22 15:32:47.412: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onPause...01-22 15:32:47.412: E/HJJ(10315): Activity &&&& onPause...

onStop过程

01-22 15:32:47.865: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onStop...01-22 15:32:47.865: E/HJJ(10315): Activity &&&& onStop...

onDestroy过程

01-22 15:32:47.865: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onDestroyView...01-22 15:32:47.865: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onDestroy...01-22 15:32:47.865: E/HJJ(10315): ArrayListFragment **** onDetach...01-22 15:32:47.865: E/HJJ(10315): Activity &&&& onDestroy...

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