映射
Go编程提供的一个重要的数据类型就是映射，唯一映射一个键到一个值。一个键要使用在以后检索值的对象。给定的键和值，可以在一个Map对象存储的值。值存储后，您可以使用它的键检索。
定义映射
必须使用make函数来创建一个映射。
/* declare a variable, by default map will be nil*/
var map_variable map[key_data_type]value_data_type
/* define the map as nil map can not be assigned any value*/
map_variable = make(map[key_data_type]value_data_type)
例子
下面的例子说明创建和映射的使用。
package main
import "fmt"
func main {
var coutryCapitalMap map[string]string
/* create a map*/
coutryCapitalMap = make(map[string]string)
/* insert key-value pairs in the map*/
countryCapitalMap["France"] = "Paris"
countryCapitalMap["Italy"] = "Rome"
countryCapitalMap["Japan"] = "Tokyo"
countryCapitalMap["India"] = "New Delhi"
/* print map using keys*/
for country := range countryCapitalMap {
fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country])
}
/* test if entry is present in the map or not*/
captial, ok := countryCapitalMap["United States"]
/* if ok is true, entry is present otherwise entry is absent*/
if(ok){
fmt.Println("Capital of United States is", capital)
}else {
fmt.Println("Capital of United States is not present")
}
}
让我们编译和运行上面的程序，这将产生以下结果：
- Capital of India is New Delhi
- Capital of France is Paris
- Capital of Italy is Rome
- Capital of Japan is Tokyo
- Capital of United States is not present
delete() 函数
delete()函数是用于从映射中删除一个项目。映射和相应的键将被删除。下面是一个例子：
package main
import "fmt"
func main {
/* create a map*/
coutryCapitalMap := map[string] string {"France":"Paris","Italy":"Rome","Japan":"Tokyo","India":"New Delhi"}
fmt.Println("Original map")
/* print map */
for country := range countryCapitalMap {
fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country])
}
/* delete an entry */
delete(countryCapitalMap,"France");
fmt.Println("Entry for France is deleted")
fmt.Println("Updated map")
/* print map */
for country := range countryCapitalMap {
fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country])
}
}
让我们编译和运行上面的程序，这将产生以下结果：
- Original Map
- Capital of France is Paris
- Capital of Italy is Rome
- Capital of Japan is Tokyo
- Capital of India is New Delhi
- Entry for France is deleted
- Updated Map
- Capital of India is New Delhi
- Capital of Italy is Rome
- Capital of Japan is Tokyo
方法
Go编程语言支持特殊类型的函数调用的方法。在方法声明的语法中，“接收器”的存在是为了表示容器中的函数。该接收器可用于通过调用函数“.”运算符。下面是一个例子：
语法
func (variable_name variable_data_type) function_name() [return_type]{
/* function body*/
}
package main
import (
"fmt"
"math"
)
/* define a circle */
type Circle strut {
x,y,radius float64
}
/* define a method for circle */
func(circle Circle) area() float64 {
return math.Pi * circle.radius * circle.radius
}
func main(){
circle := Circle(x:0, y:0, radius:5)
fmt.Printf("Circle area: %f", circle.area())
}
当上述代码被编译和执行时，它产生了以下结果：
- Circle area: 78.539816
