抢购、秒杀是如今很常见的一个应用场景,主要需要解决的问题有两个:
1 高并发对数据库产生的压力
2 竞争状态下如何解决库存的正确减少("超卖"问题)
对于第一个问题,已经很容易想到用缓存来处理抢购,避免直接操作数据库,例如使用Redis。
重点在于第二个问题
常规写法:
查询出对应商品的库存,看是否大于0,然后执行生成订单等操作,但是在判断库存是否大于0处,如果在高并发下就会有问题,导致库存量出现负数
<?php$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456"); if(!$conn){ echo "connect failed"; exit; } mysql_select_db("big",$conn); mysql_query("set names utf8");$price=10;$user_id=1;$goods_id=1;$sku_id=11;$number=1;//生成唯一订单function build_order_no(){ return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);}//记录日志function insertLog($event,$type=0){ global $conn; $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) values('$event','$type')"; mysql_query($sql,$conn); }//模拟下单操作//库存是否大于0$sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'";//解锁 此时ih_store数据中goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' 的数据被锁住(注3),其它事务必须等待此次事务 提交后才能执行$rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);$row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);if($row['number']>0){//高并发下会导致超卖 $order_sn=build_order_no(); //生成订单 $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')"; $order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); //库存减少 $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'"; $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog('库存减少成功'); }else{ insertLog('库存减少失败'); } }else{ insertLog('库存不够');}?>
优化方案1:将库存字段number字段设为unsigned,当库存为0时,因为字段不能为负数,将会返回false
//库存减少$sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id' and number>0";$store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog('库存减少成功');}
优化方案2:使用MySQL的事务,锁住操作的行
<?php$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456"); if(!$conn){ echo "connect failed"; exit; } mysql_select_db("big",$conn); mysql_query("set names utf8");$price=10;$user_id=1;$goods_id=1;$sku_id=11;$number=1;//生成唯一订单号function build_order_no(){ return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);}//记录日志function insertLog($event,$type=0){ global $conn; $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) values('$event','$type')"; mysql_query($sql,$conn); }//模拟下单操作//库存是否大于0mysql_query("BEGIN"); //开始事务$sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' FOR UPDATE";//此时这条记录被锁住,其它事务必须等待此次事务提交后才能执行$rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);$row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);if($row['number']>0){ //生成订单 $order_sn=build_order_no(); $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')"; $order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); //库存减少 $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'"; $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog('库存减少成功'); mysql_query("COMMIT");//事务提交即解锁 }else{ insertLog('库存减少失败'); }}else{ insertLog('库存不够'); mysql_query("ROLLBACK");}?>
优化方案3:使用非阻塞的文件排他锁
<?php$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","root","123456"); if(!$conn){ echo "connect failed"; exit; } mysql_select_db("big-bak",$conn); mysql_query("set names utf8");$price=10;$user_id=1;$goods_id=1;$sku_id=11;$number=1;//生成唯一订单号function build_order_no(){ return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);}//记录日志function insertLog($event,$type=0){ global $conn; $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) values('$event','$type')"; mysql_query($sql,$conn); }$fp = fopen("lock.txt", "w+");if(!flock($fp,LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)){ echo "系统繁忙,请稍后再试"; return;}//下单$sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'";$rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);$row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);if($row['number']>0){//库存是否大于0 //模拟下单操作 $order_sn=build_order_no(); $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')"; $order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); //库存减少 $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'"; $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog('库存减少成功'); flock($fp,LOCK_UN);//释放锁 }else{ insertLog('库存减少失败'); } }else{ insertLog('库存不够');}fclose($fp);
优化方案4:使用redis队列,因为pop操作是原子的,即使有很多用户同时到达,也是依次执行,推荐使用(mysql事务在高并发下性能下降很厉害,文件锁的方式也是)
先将商品库存如队列
<?php$store=1000;$redis=new Redis();$result=$redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379);$res=$redis->llen('goods_store');echo $res;$count=$store-$res;for($i=0;$i<$count;$i++){ $redis->lpush('goods_store',1);}echo $redis->llen('goods_store');?>
抢购、描述逻辑
<?php$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456"); if(!$conn){ echo "connect failed"; exit; } mysql_select_db("big",$conn); mysql_query("set names utf8");$price=10;$user_id=1;$goods_id=1;$sku_id=11;$number=1;//生成唯一订单号function build_order_no(){ return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);}//记录日志function insertLog($event,$type=0){ global $conn; $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type) values('$event','$type')"; mysql_query($sql,$conn); }//模拟下单操作//下单前判断redis队列库存量$redis=new Redis();$result=$redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379);$count=$redis->lpop('goods_store');if(!$count){ insertLog('error:no store redis'); return;}//生成订单 $order_sn=build_order_no();$sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price) values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')"; $order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); //库存减少$sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'";$store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn); if(mysql_affected_rows()){ insertLog('库存减少成功');}else{ insertLog('库存减少失败');}
模拟5000高并发测试
webbench -c 5000 -t 60 http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php
ab -r -n 6000 -c 5000 http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php
上述只是简单模拟高并发下的抢购,真实场景要比这复杂很多,很多注意的地方
如抢购页面做成静态的,通过ajax调用接口
再如上面的会导致一个用户抢多个,思路:
需要一个排队队列和抢购结果队列及库存队列。高并发情况,先将用户进入排队队列,用一个线程循环处理从排队队列取出一个用户,判断用户是否已在抢购结果队列,如果在,则已抢购,否则未抢购,库存减1,写数据库,将用户入结果队列。
测试数据表
---- 数据库: `big`---- ------------------------------------------------------------ 表的结构 `ih_goods`--CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_goods` ( `goods_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `cat_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `goods_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`goods_id`)) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;---- 转存表中的数据 `ih_goods`--INSERT INTO `ih_goods` (`goods_id`, `cat_id`, `goods_name`) VALUES(1, 0, '小米手机');-- ------------------------------------------------------------ 表的结构 `ih_log`--CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_log` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `event` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;---- 转存表中的数据 `ih_log`---- ------------------------------------------------------------ 表的结构 `ih_order`--CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_order` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `order_sn` char(32) NOT NULL, `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `status` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `sku_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `price` float NOT NULL, `addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='订单表' AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;---- 转存表中的数据 `ih_order`---- ------------------------------------------------------------ 表的结构 `ih_store`--CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_store` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `sku_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `number` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `freez` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '虚拟库存', PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='库存' AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;---- 转存表中的数据 `ih_store`--INSERT INTO `ih_store` (`id`, `goods_id`, `sku_id`, `number`, `freez`) VALUES(1, 1, 11, 500, 0);
以上就是小编为大家带来的php结合redis实现高并发下的抢购、秒杀功能的实例全部内容了,希望大家多多支持VEVB武林网~
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