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对numpy中轴与维度的理解

2020-02-22 23:41:49
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NumPy's main object is the homogeneous multidimensional array. It is a table of elements (usually numbers), all of the same type, indexed by a tuple of positive integers. In NumPy dimensions are called axes. The number of axes is rank.

For example, the coordinates of a point in 3D space [1, 2, 1] is an array of rank 1, because it has one axis. That axis has a length of 3. In the example pictured below, the array has rank 2 (it is 2-dimensional). The first dimension (axis) has a length of 2, the second dimension has a length of 3.

[[ 1., 0., 0.], [ 0., 1., 2.]]

ndarray.ndim

数组轴的个数,在python的世界中,轴的个数被称作秩

>> X = np.reshape(np.arange(24), (2, 3, 4))  # 也即 2 行 3 列的 4 个平面(plane)>> Xarray([[[ 0, 1, 2, 3],    [ 4, 5, 6, 7],    [ 8, 9, 10, 11]],    [[12, 13, 14, 15],    [16, 17, 18, 19],    [20, 21, 22, 23]]])

shape函数是numpy.core.fromnumeric中的函数,它的功能是读取矩阵的长度,比如shape[0]就是读取矩阵第一维度的长度。

shape(x)

(2,3,4)

shape(x)[0]

2

或者

x.shape[0]

2

再来分别看每一个平面的构成:

>> X[:, :, 0]array([[ 0, 4, 8],    [12, 16, 20]])>> X[:, :, 1]array([[ 1, 5, 9],    [13, 17, 21]])>> X[:, :, 2]array([[ 2, 6, 10],    [14, 18, 22]])>> X[:, :, 3]array([[ 3, 7, 11],    [15, 19, 23]])

也即在对 np.arange(24)(0, 1, 2, 3, ..., 23) 进行重新的排列时,在多维数组的多个轴的方向上,先分配最后一个轴(对于二维数组,即先分配行的方向,对于三维数组即先分配平面的方向)

reshpae,是数组对象中的方法,用于改变数组的形状。

二维数组

#!/usr/bin/env python # coding=utf-8 import numpy as np  a=np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]) print a d=a.reshape((2,4)) print d 

三维数组

#!/usr/bin/env python # coding=utf-8 import numpy as np  a=np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]) print a f=a.reshape((2, 2, 2)) print f 

形状变化的原则是数组元素不能发生改变,比如这样写就是错误的,因为数组元素发生了变化。

#!/usr/bin/env python # coding=utf-8 import numpy as np  a=np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]) print a print a.dtype e=a.reshape((2,2)) print e 

注意:通过reshape生成的新数组和原始数组公用一个内存,也就是说,假如更改一个数组的元素,另一个数组也将发生改变。

#!/usr/bin/env python # coding=utf-8 import numpy as np  a=np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]) print a e=a.reshape((2, 4)) print e a[1]=100 print a print e             
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