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C# 对象持久化详解

2020-01-24 00:45:57
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对象持久化是指将内存中的对象保存到可永久保存的存储设备中(如磁盘)的一种技术。

本文介绍的是除数据库之外的几种对象持久化方式。

具体如下:

  1. 保存成文本:即将内存对象以字节流的方式保存到文本中。
  2. 序列化成Xml:即将对象以Xml的格式存储。
  3. 序列化成Json:即将对象序列化成Json对象,然后存储。
  4. 序列化成二进制:即将对象序列化成二进制字节流保存到文件中。

涉及知识点:

  1. 序列化与反序列化
  2. 文件流的读写
  3. ListView显示复选框,并横向排列

如下图所示【主要功能是将用户输入的信息保存成各种格式,并从各个文档中进行读取出来】:

保存和读取文本文档代码如下:

/// <summary>  /// 保存成文本  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnSaveTxt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   Dictionary<string, string> dicInfos = GetDictionaryInfos();   string filePath = "objPerson.txt";   //采用using关键字,会自动释放   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))   {    using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, Encoding.Default))    {     foreach (var keyPair in dicInfos)     {      sw.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}={1}", keyPair.Key, keyPair.Value));     }    }   }  }  /// <summary>  /// 从文本中读取  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnReadTxt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   string filePath = "objPerson.txt";   Dictionary<string, string> dic = new Dictionary<string, string>();   //采用using关键字,会自动释放   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))   {    using (StreamReader sw = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Default))    {     while (!sw.EndOfStream) {      string lineInfo = sw.ReadLine();      dic.Add(lineInfo.Split('=')[0], lineInfo.Split('=')[1]);     }    }   }   this.txtName.Text = dic["Name"];   this.dtBirthday.Text = dic["Birthday"];   if (dic["Gender"] == this.rbBoy.Text)   {    this.rbBoy.Checked = true;   }   else {    this.rbGirl.Checked = true;   }   string[] loves = dic["Love"].Split('|');   foreach (var love in loves)   {    foreach (var item in this.lsvLove.Items)    {     ListViewItem li = item as ListViewItem;     if (li.Text == love)     {      li.Checked = true;     }    }   }  }

保存和读取Xml文档代码如下:

/// <summary>  /// 保存成Xml  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnSaveXml_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   Person p = GetPersonInfos();   string filePath = "objPerson.xml";   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))   {    XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));    serializer.Serialize(fs, p);   }  }  /// <summary>  /// 从Xml中读取  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnReadXml_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   string filePath = "objPerson.xml";   Person p;   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))   {    XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));    object obj= serializer.Deserialize(fs);    p = obj as Person;   }   SetPersonInfos(p);  }

保存和读取Json文档如下:

/// <summary>  /// 保存成Json  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnSaveJson_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   Person p = GetPersonInfos();   JavaScriptSerializer jserializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();   string strJson = jserializer.Serialize(p);   string strRegex = @"///Date/((/d+)/)///";   MatchEvaluator evaluator = new MatchEvaluator(ConvertJsonDateToDateString);   //对时间进行处理,需要引用System.Text.RegularExpressions;命名空间   Regex reg = new Regex(strRegex);   strJson = reg.Replace(strJson, evaluator);   string filePath = "objPerson.json";   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))   {    using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, Encoding.Default))    {     sw.Write(strJson);    }   }  }  /// <summary>  /// 从Json中读取  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnReadJson_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   JavaScriptSerializer jserializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();   string filePath = "objPerson.json";   Person p;   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))   {    using (StreamReader sw = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Default))    {     string strJson = sw.ReadToEnd();     string strRegex = @"/d{4}-/d{2}-/d{2}/s/d{2}:/d{2}:/d{2}";     MatchEvaluator evaluator = new MatchEvaluator(ConvertDateStringToJsonDate); //对时间进行处理     Regex reg = new Regex(strRegex);     strJson = reg.Replace(strJson, evaluator);     p = jserializer.Deserialize<Person>(strJson);    }   }   SetPersonInfos(p);  }

保存和读取Bin文档如下:

/// <summary>  /// 保存成二进制文件  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnSaveBin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   Person p = GetPersonInfos();   string filePath = "objPerson.bin";   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create)) {    BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();    bf.Serialize(fs, p);   }  }  /// <summary>  /// 读取二进制文件  /// </summary>  /// <param name="sender"></param>  /// <param name="e"></param>  private void btnReadBin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {   string filePath = "objPerson.bin";   Person p;   using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))   {    BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();    p= bf.Deserialize(fs) as Person;   }   SetPersonInfos(p);  }

备注:其实对象持久化和对象序列化是两个不同的概念。两者有关联却不同。

对象持久化:是使对象可以保存到实体存储介质中,在对象生命周期结束后可以再现。

对象序列化:是将对象或者数据结构转化成特定的格式,使其可在网络中传输,或者可存储在内存或者文件中。

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助,同时也希望多多支持武林网!

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